第三颗星际天体3I/ATLAS的发现与初步表征
地球与行星天体物理
2025-07-25 v3 星系天体物理
天体物理仪器与方法
摘要
我们报告了旨在表征第三颗星际天体的初步观测。该天体3I/ATLAS（或C/2025 N1 (ATLAS)）于2025年7月1日（世界时）被发现，其轨道偏心率e~6.1，近日点q~1.36天文单位，倾角~175°，双曲线速度V∞~58 km/s。我们报告了使用加拿大-法国-夏威夷望远镜和甚大望远镜获得的深叠加图像，这些图像解析出一个致密彗发。利用几台较小地基望远镜获得的图像，我们发现该天体在约4天时间跨度内的光变曲线变化极小。该天体的可见光/近红外光谱斜率为17.1±0.2 %/100 nm，与其他星际天体和原始太阳系小天体（彗星和D型小行星）相当。3I/ATLAS将在2025年9月初之前可观测，随后因太阳距角较小，在近日点附近将无法被地基天文台观测。它将于2025年11月下旬再次从地面可见。尽管这一限制不幸地阻止了在3I/ATLAS活动可能达到峰值时的近日点附近进行详细的地基观测，但火星轨道上的航天器可用于在此时间进行有价值的观测。
引用
@article{arxiv.2507.02757,
title = {Discovery and Preliminary Characterization of a Third Interstellar Object: 3I/ATLAS},
author = {Darryl Z. Seligman and Marco Micheli and Davide Farnocchia and Larry Denneau and John W. Noonan and Henry H. Hsieh and Toni Santana-Ros and John Tonry and Katie Auchettl and Luca Conversi and Maxime Devogèle and Laura Faggioli and Adina D. Feinstein and Marco Fenucci and Marin Ferrais and Tessa Frincke and Michaël Gillon and Olivier R. Hainaut and Kyle Hart and Andrew Hoffman and Carrie E. Holt and Willem B. Hoogendam and Mark E. Huber and Emmanuel Jehin and Theodore Kareta and Jacqueline V. Keane and Michael S. P. Kelley and Tim Lister and Kathleen Mandt and Jean Manfroid and Dušan Marčeta and Karen J. Meech and Mohamed Amine Miftah and Marvin Morgan and Francisco Ocaña and Eloy Peña-Asensio and Benjamin J. Shappee and Robert J. Siverd and Aster G. Taylor and Michael A. Tucker and Richard Wainscoat and Robert Weryk and James J. Wray and Atsuhiro Yaginuma and Bin Yang and Quanzhi Ye and Qicheng Zhang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.02757},
year = {2025}
}
备注
Accepted for publication in ApJL. 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Community follow-up organization can be found here: https://3i-atlas.github.io/ The showyourwork! version of the manuscript can be found here: https://github.com/3I-ATLAS/discovery-paper