玻尔兹曼大脑与多重宇宙的尺度因子截断测度
高能物理 - 理论
2014-11-18 v3 宇宙学与河外天体物理
广义相对论与量子宇宙学
摘要
为了对永恒暴胀的“多重宇宙”做出预测,必须采用一种程序来规范其发散的四维时空体积。最近,出现了一种针对此类时空测度的新检验:普通观测者——即从炽热大爆炸条件冷却下来的口袋宇宙中演化出的观测者——不应被“玻尔兹曼大脑”大量超越,后者是罕见量子涨落导致随机出现和消失的怪异观测者。如果玻尔兹曼大脑占主导,那么随机选取的观测者极有可能被一个空荡荡的世界所包围,其中除真空能量外所有物质都已红移殆尽,而非我们所观测到的丰富结构。利用尺度因子截断测度,我们计算了玻尔兹曼大脑与普通观测者的比率。我们发现该比率是有限的,并给出了其关于玻尔兹曼大脑成核率和真空衰变率的表达式。我们讨论了这些比率必须满足的条件,以使结果可接受,并在多种假设下估算了这些比率。
引用
@article{arxiv.0808.3778,
title = {Boltzmann brains and the scale-factor cutoff measure of the multiverse},
author = {Andrea De Simone and Alan H. Guth and Andrei Linde and Mahdiyar Noorbala and Michael P. Salem and Alexander Vilenkin},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0808.3778},
year = {2014}
}
备注
32 pp, 2 figs. Modified to conform to the version accepted by Phys. Rev. D. The last paragraph of Sec. V-A, about Boltzmann brains in Minkowski space, has been significantly enlarged. Two sentences were added to the introduction concerning the classical approximation and the hope of finding a motivating principle for the measure. Several references were added