English

Binary sequences derived from differences of consecutive quadratic residues

Number Theory 2020-05-19 v1 Cryptography and Security Information Theory math.IT

Abstract

For a prime p5p\ge 5 let q0,q1,,q(p3)/2q_0,q_1,\ldots,q_{(p-3)/2} be the quadratic residues modulo pp in increasing order. We study two (p3)/2(p-3)/2-periodic binary sequences (dn)(d_n) and (tn)(t_n) defined by dn=qn+qn+1mod2d_n=q_n+q_{n+1}\bmod 2 and tn=1t_n=1 if qn+1=qn+1q_{n+1}=q_n+1 and tn=0t_n=0 otherwise, n=0,1,,(p5)/2n=0,1,\ldots,(p-5)/2. For both sequences we find some sufficient conditions for attaining the maximal linear complexity (p3)/2(p-3)/2. Studying the linear complexity of (dn)(d_n) was motivated by heuristics of Caragiu et al. However, (dn)(d_n) is not balanced and we show that a period of (dn)(d_n) contains about 1/31/3 zeros and 2/32/3 ones if pp is sufficiently large. In contrast, (tn)(t_n) is not only essentially balanced but also all longer patterns of length ss appear essentially equally often in the vector sequence (tn,tn+1,,tn+s1)(t_n,t_{n+1},\ldots,t_{n+s-1}), n=0,1,,(p5)/2n=0,1,\ldots,(p-5)/2, for any fixed ss and sufficiently large pp.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2005.08651,
  title  = {Binary sequences derived from differences of consecutive quadratic residues},
  author = {Arne Winterhof and Zibi Xiao},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.08651},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T15:37:27.995Z