Related papers: Have We At Last Found The A-toms?
It is often claimed that 98% of the nucleon mass is generated by quantum chromodynamics. The decomposition of the nucleon mass based on the trace of the energy-momentum tensor suggests that gluons play by far a dominant role. About 25 years…
Under the assumption that General Relativity (GR) correctly describes the phenomenology of our Universe, astronomical observations provide compelling evidence that (1) the dynamics of cosmic structure is dominated by dark matter (DM), an…
Structure of leptons and hadrons within the framework of electrodynamics is considered. Muon and tau-lepton have the structure of 3 electrons. The mass of muon is defined by the section of two-photon annihilation. The mass of tau-lepton is…
The possible extension of generation structure is investigated on the basis of a composite model, in which leptons and quarks are composed of rishons $T$ with charge 1/3 and purely neutral $V$. In this sub-system, we regard $V$ as the…
Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…
This paper is concerned with a way of thinking about the standard model that explains the existence of three fermion families and the value of the fine structure constant. The main idea is that the ultraviolet divergences that we encounter…
Recently, we proposed a unified mass matrix model for quarks and leptons, in which, mass ratios and mixings of the quarks and neutrinos are described by using only the observed charged lepton mass values as family-number-dependent…
It is now widely accepted that most of mass--energy in the universe is unobserved except by its gravitational effects. Baryons make only about 4% of the total, with "dark matter" making up about 23% and the "dark energy" responsible for the…
Being inspired by a phenomenological success of a charged lepton mass formula, a model with U(3)-family nonet Higgs bosons is proposed. Here, the Higgs bosons $\phi_L$ ($\phi_R$) couple only between light fermions (quarks and leptons) $f_L$…
This is an attempt to construct a classical microscopic model of the electron which underlies quantum mechanics. An electron is modeled, not as a point particle, but as the end of an electromagnetic string, a line of flux. These lines…
Many reasons why quarks should be considered composite particles are found in the book Preons by D'Souza and Kalman. One reason not found in the book is that all the quarks except for the u quark decay. The electron and the electron…
Fundamental particles, regarded as the constituents of quarks and leptons, are described classicaly in the framework of the Weyl-Dirac version of Wesson's Induced Matter Theory. There are neutral particles and particles having charge…
In contemporary particle physics, the masses of fundamental particles are incalculable constants, being supplied by experimental values. Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum, and their corresponding physical…
The spin-charge-family theory, proposed by the author as a possible new way to explain the assumptions of the standard model, predicts at the low energy regime two decoupled groups of four families of quarks and leptons. In two successive…
The nonbaryonic dark matter of the Universe can consist of new stable charged leptons and quarks, if they are hidden in elusive "dark atoms" of composite dark matter. Such possibility can be compatible with the severe constraints on…
The number of baryons in the observable universe is of the order of $10^{80}$, as is the number of electrons. The number of photons is about nine orders of magnitude greater, $10^{89}$, as is the estimated number of neutrinos. However, the…
A quark and lepton mass matrix model with family symmetries U(3)$\times$O(3) is investigated on the basis of the so-called yukawaon model. In the present model, quarks and leptons are assigned to $(\ell, e^c, u^c) \sim ({\bf 3}, {\bf 3},…
The vast bulk of visible mass emerges from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. The past decade has revealed the three pillars that support this emergent hadron…
In family unification models, all three families of quarks and leptons are grouped together into an irreducible representation of a simple gauge group, thus unifying the Standard Model gauge symmetries and a gauged family symmetry. Large…
The problem of quantum gravity is treated from a radically new viewpoint based on a detailed mathematical analysis of what the constitution of physical space is, which has been carried out by Michel Bounias and the author. The approach…