English

Are Most Particles Gravitons?

High Energy Physics - Theory 2016-05-17 v1 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

The number of baryons in the observable universe is of the order of 108010^{80}, as is the number of electrons. The number of photons is about nine orders of magnitude greater, 108910^{89}, as is the estimated number of neutrinos. However, the number of gravitons could be more than twenty orders of magnitude larger yet, of the order of 10113r10^{113} r, where rr is the tensor-to-scalar ratio for quantum fluctuations produced by inflation, which could be as high as 0.10.1.

Cite

@article{arxiv.1605.04351,
  title  = {Are Most Particles Gravitons?},
  author = {Don N. Page},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.04351},
  year   = {2016}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T14:00:36.590Z