Related papers: Have We At Last Found The A-toms?
We'll show as a quantum theory based on hyperions (said also "complex quaternions") gives reason straightforwardly for the existence of three fermionic families, dark matter and superfields which don't require never seen particles.
The constituent quarks are interpreted as bound states, which have an internal structure. The quark distributions of the proton are related to those of the constituent quarks. The experiments support this hypothesis. Likewise the spin…
We consider a possibility that inside the proton and, more generally, inside the hadrons there are additional partons - tensor-gluons, which can carry a part of the proton momentum. The tensor-gluons have zero electric charge, like gluons,…
It is pointed out that the set theory gave the exact symmetry while the group theory did not. The triplicity of quarks and leptons is also pointed out. The reason of seven families of particles and in each family eight number of particles…
The gravitational form factors which are obtained from the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor provide us information about internal distributions of mass, energy, pressure and shear. The Druck term is the least understood among…
Based on a fundamental symmetry between space, time, mass and charge, a series of group structures of physical interest is generated, ranging from C2 to E8. The most significant result of this analysis is a version of the Dirac equation…
The mass relations among respective quark family members are predicted and similar mass relation for the lepton family member are obtained. The volume of the volume element is also calculated which is (3/2)^(1/2).
A new concept of the constitution of Nature is proposed. The constructed submicroscopic quantum mechanics is deterministic and is characterised by elementary excitations of the space net that is treated as the tessellation of balls, or…
We review some of the recent developments regarding mass, angular momentum and pressure forces inside hadrons. These properties are all encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system, which is described at the non-perturbative level in…
The main thesis of this paper deals with the interactions of a set of fermions which are described by one basic type of bilinear interactions,two symmetric semiobjects,three embedded shells and four fundamental (strong)…
In the paper the Planck, Yukawa and Bohr forces were defined and calculated. It was shown that the Planck force mediates the universe acceleration. The Yukawa and Bohr forces describe the gradients of attractive strong and Coulomb forces.…
The lepton mass ratios are calculated using a geometric unified theory, taking the leptons as the only three possible families of topological excitations of the electron or the neutrino. The theoretical results give 107.5916 Mev for the…
We argue that the gauge $SL(2N,C)$ theories may point to a possible way where the known elementary forces, including gravity, could be consistently unified. Remarkably, while all related gauge fields are presented in the same adjoint…
We analyze the structure of quark and lepton mass matrices under the hypothesis that they are determined from a minimum principle applied to a generic potential invariant under the $\left[U(3)\right]^5\otimes {\mathcal O}(3)$ flavor…
Light strongly interacting supersymmetric particles may be treated as partonic constituents of nucleons in high energy scattering processes. We construct parton distribution functions for protons in which a light gluino is included along…
We propose that charged leptons are the `baryons' of the gauge dynamics subject to a SU(2)$_{e}$$\timesSU(2)_{\mu}\timesSU(2)_{\tau}$ symmetry. The `mesons' of this theory are neutral and thus candidates for dark matter. There is, in…
We consider a modified cosmological history in which the presence of beyond-the-Standard-Model physics causes the weak gauge sector, $\mathrm{SU}(2)_L$, to confine before it is Higgsed. Under the assumption of chiral symmetry breaking,…
A new mechanism is presented for the generation of quark and lepton masses, based on a heavy fourth family and a new sector of massless fermions. The massless fermions have only discrete chiral symmetries and they are confined by the…
The dynamics of the universe may be dominated by novel weakly interacting elementary particles, by baryons in an invisible form, by black holes, and globally by vacuum energy. The main arguments for and against such hypotheses are reviewed.
The nonbaryonic dark matter of the Universe can consist of new stable charged species, bound in heavy neutral "atoms" by ordinary Coulomb interaction. Stable $\bar U$ (anti-$U$)quarks of 4th generation, bound in stable colorless ($\bar U…