Related papers: Have We At Last Found The A-toms?

The momentum distributions of the constituent quarks inside the nucleon and the prominent electroproduced nucleon resonances are investigated in the two most sophisticated, available quark potential models, based respectively on the…

In the original paper entitled, "Masses of Fundamental Particles"(arXiv:1109.3705v5, 10 Feb 2012), not only the masses of fundamental particles including the weak bosons, Higgs boson, quarks, and leptons, but also the mixing angles of…

Ordinary baryonic particles (such as protons and neutrons) account for only one-sixth of the total matter in the Universe. The remainder is a mysterious "dark matter" component, which does not interact via electromagnetism and thus neither…

Five fundamental scales of mass follow from holographic limitations, a self-similar law for angular momentum and the basic scaling laws for a fractal universe with dimension 2. The five scales correspond to the observable universe,…

Assuming that the leptons and quarks other than top are massless at tree level, we show that their masses may be induced by loops involving the top quark. As a result, the generic features of the fermion mass spectrum arise from…

Extension of particle symmetry implies new conserved charges and the lightest particles, possessing such charges, should be stable. Created in early Universe, stable charged heavy leptons and quarks can exist and, hidden in elusive atoms…

Recent observations of exotic hadrons have stimulated the theoretical investigation of the internal structure of hadrons. While all hadrons are ultimately composed of quarks and gluons bound by the strong interaction, quark clustering…

The observed quark hierarchies suggest a simple family symmetry. Generalized to leptons through grand-unified quantum numbers, it produces a neutrino mixing matrix with order-one \nu_{\mu} - \nu_{\tau} mixing, and order-\lambda^3 \nu_e -…

We show that the observed structure of quark and lepton masses and mixing angles can arise entirely geometrically from superstring constructions, at the renormalizable level. The model we consider is a $Z_3$ orbifold compactification of…

The three-dimensional spatial structure of hadrons is encoded in their form factors. Via appropriate Fourier transform, the latter describe how charge, energy, linear and angular momentum, but also pressure are distributed inside these…

The weak bosons are bound states of two fermions and their antiparticles, denoted as haplons. The confinement scale of the associated gauge group SU(2) is of the order of 0.5 TeV. Besides the weak bosons there exist also new bosons, an…

We propose a new and realistic 3-3-1 model with the minimal lepton and scalar contents, named the simple 3-3-1 model. The scalar sector contains two new heavy Higgs bosons, one neutral H and another singly-charged H^\pm, besides the…

A Higgs-compatible boson has been observed at the LHC at CERN. We briefly review the role of the Higgs in particle physics and describe some of the current challenges in understanding the fundamental structure of the universe. Is there…

The dark sector of the Universe is beginning to be clarified step by step. If the dark energy is vacuum energy, then 123 orders are exactly reduced by ordinary physical processes. For many years these unexplained orders were called a crisis…

Each of neutrinos has a non - zero mass and regardless of whether it is a Dirac or a Majorana mass, can possess both anapole and electric dipole moments. Between their form factors appears a connection, for example, at the longitudinal…

The spin-charge-family theory predicts before the electroweak break four - rather than the observed three - massless families of quarks and leptons. The 4 x 4 mass matrices of all the family members demonstrate in this theory the same…

We summarize recent works on the question of the nucleon mass decomposition and the 2D relativistic distribution of pressure forces on the light front. All these mechanical properties are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system…

Experimental data on electromagnetic and weak form factors of the nucleon are analyzed in a two-component model with a quark-like intrinsic structure surrounded by a meson cloud. The contribution from strange quarks is discussed and…

We suggest a general formalism to treat a baryon as a composite system of three quarks and a `sea'. In this formalism, the sea is a cluster which can consists of gluons and quark-antiquark pairs. The hadron wave function with a sea…

Graviatom existence conditions have been found. The graviatoms (quantum systems around mini-black-holes) satisfying these conditions contain the following charged particles: the electron, muon, tau lepton, wino, pion and kaon. Electric…