Related papers: Photon: history, mass, charge
We consider energy deposition of high energy electrons and photons in universe. We carry out detailed calculations of fractions of the initial energy of the injected electron or photon which are used to heat, ionize and excite background…
In this article, halfway between popularized exposition and historical account, some key moments in the development of atomic theory in its beginnings are discussed. In particular, the events and the major discoveries that have highlighted…
An interpretation of an electromagnetic quantum as a single pulse is suggested. In this context the Planck formula is shown to be equivalent to the Heisenberg time-energy uncertainty relation. This allows to treat the photon frequency as an…
An elementary particle such as a photon cannot be cut in two pieces. Still it must be possible to truncate a photon with an optical shutter. The result is neither another photon nor a mix of a photon and a vacuum. Instead it is a…
The status of the photon in the modern physics was analysed. Within the frames of the Standard Model of particle physics the photon is considered to be the genuine elementary particle, being to be the messenger of the electromagnetic…
This is a review article about the most recent developments on the field of neutrino mass. The first part of the review introduces the idea of neutrino masses and mixing angles, summarizes the most recent experimental data then discusses…
This small review is devoted to $\gamma\gamma$ collisions including methods of creating the colliding $\gamma \gamma$ beams of high energy and physical problems which can be solved or clarified in such collisions. Contents: 1. Introduction…
In the theory of modern physics, such as in relativity and quantum mechanics, the three-dimensionality of space is introduced as a presupposed fact. The three-dimensionality of particle motion, that is, the three-dimensionality of particle…
In near-field optics and optical tunneling theory, photon wave mechanics, i.e., the first quantized theory of the photon, allows us to address the spatial field localization problem in a flexible manner which links smoothly to classical…
An attempt is made to sort out ambiguities existing in the current usage of several basic concepts describing hard collisions of photons. It is argued that appropriate terminology is often a prerequisite for correct physics.
The experimental situation with regard to measurements of the pion charge form factor is reviewed. Both existing data and planned experiments are discussed.
In this paper, we have proposed $SU(2)$ non-Abelian electromagnetism gauge theory. In the theory, photon has self-interaction and interaction, which can explain photon entanglement phenomenon in quantum information. Otherwise, we find there…
Theories of photoinduced phase transitions have developed along with the progress in experimental studies, especially concerning their nonlinear characters and transition dynamics. At an early stage, paths from photoinduced local structural…
Photon statistics divides light sources into three different categories, characterized by bunched, antibunched or uncorrelated photon arrival times. Single atoms, ions, molecules, or solid state emitters display antibunching of photons,…
Electromagnetism is at the heart of the Standard Model, but despite all the successes of modern theory, our basic description of light traveling in free space remains unsatisfactory. The four bosons that compose light are introduced in a…
This encyclopedia article addresses questions like the following. How does the Sun shine? Does the neutrino have a mass? Are there weak interactions beyond those described by the standard model of particle physics?
We investigate cosmology of massive electrodynamics and explore the possibility whether massive photon could provide an explanation of the dark energy. The action is given by the scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity which is obtained by…
We analyze there is a relation between fossil charge and the mass of photon based on Chkareuli-Froggatt-Nielsen Theorem and Proca Lagrangian. As generally known, massive photon will lead to Lorentz non-invariance field theory.
The radiation of photons by electrons is investigated in the framework of quantum electrodynamics up to the second order in the coupling constant $e$. The $N$-particle, coherent, and thermal initial states are considered and the forms of…
In Abelian theories of monopoles the magnetic charge is required to be enormous. Using the electric-magnetic duality of electromagnetism it is argued that the existence of such a large, non-perturbative magnetic coupling should lead to a…