Related papers: Photon: history, mass, charge
The first part of this report gives a very quick sketch of how string theory concepts originated and evolved during its first 25 years (1968-93). The second part presents a somewhat more detailed discussion of the highlights of the past…
We discuss two-photon physics, taking for illustration the particular but topical case of resonance fluorescence. We show that the basic concepts of interferences and correlations provide at the two-photon level an independent and…
We comment on the status and history of the proton charge radius determinations.
A conserved photon current is derived from the commutation relations satisfied by the electromagnetic four-potential and field tensor operators. The density is found to be a sum over positive and negative frequency terms, both of which…
A method for quantization of the proton mass is here addressed, which provides a plausible explanation for the origin of mass and leads to the unification of mass and electric charge through their coupling. By means of an electromagnetic…
An earlier forward and backward in time formalism developed by us to discuss non-relativistic electron diffraction is generalized to the relativistic case and here applied to photons. We show how naturally the zero-point energy emerges in…
The history of the development of the concept of complex numbers from the 16th to 19th centuries. The origin and refinement of the geometric and physical meaning of complex numbers, the emergence of vectoral analysis.
This note considers two related topics regarding the {\it self-induced charge current} in the experiments detecting photon rest mass: (i) the effective rest mass, $(0.3\sim 1)\times 10^{-54}$ Kg, of photons arising from the ions in the…
In this work we shortly review several aspects of the physics of neutron stars. After the introduction we present a brief historical overview of the idea of neutron stars as well as of the theoretical and observational developments that…
The study of a positive or negative charge when an atom loses or gains an electron is a custom in both physical and chemical sciences. However, the related principles and phenomena become confusing when studying the concepts of ionization.…
We review the present level of knowledge of the hadronic structure of the photon, as revealed in interactions involving quarks and gluons ``in" the photon. The concept of photon structure functions is introduced in the description of…
Under certain conditions the number of photons radiated classically by a charged particle following a prescribed trajectory can be finite. An interesting formula for this number is presented and discussed.
The study of nuclear and subnuclear structure by means of photon scattering is outlined. Besides a brief exposition of the formalism a few illustrative examples are discussed.
We give a pedagogical overview of dark photons. We describe the theory and their importance in particle physics research, and discuss searches using laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological probes.
I discuss the use of light as a collection of real and virtual photons to study lingering questions in particle and nuclear physics.
We present the limits on possible time variation of the electric charges of quarks and leptons at the time of primordial nucleosynthesis within a model with dequantized electric charges which allows for the case of charged neutrino and…
This century has seen a dramatic increase in observational possibilities of the physics of the universe. Several of the very recent new developments with emphasis on the particle physics aspect and in particular Gamma-Gamma interactions are…
Spontaneous emission of a photon by an atom is described theoretically in three dimensions with the initial wave function of a finite-mass atom taken in the form of a finite-size wave packet. Recoil and wave-packet spreading are taken into…
A brief but broad survey is presented of the flows, forms and large-scale transformations of mass-energy in the universe, spanning a range of about twenty orders of magnitude (m_{Planck}/m_{proton}) in space, time and mass. Forms of energy…
Nucleon structure is currently understood from a unified light-front, infinite-momentum-frame framework. The specific examples of the neutron transverse charge distribution and the shape of the proton are discussed here.