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AI agents hold the potential to revolutionize scientific productivity by automating literature reviews, replicating experiments, analyzing data, and even proposing new directions of inquiry; indeed, there are now many such agents, ranging…

Evolving AI systems increasingly deploy multi-agent architectures where autonomous agents collaborate, share information, and delegate tasks through developing protocols. This connectivity, while powerful, introduces novel security risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Gauri Sharma , Vidhi Kulkarni , Miles King , Ken Huang

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

There is a tendency across different subfields in AI to valorize a small collection of influential benchmarks. These benchmarks operate as stand-ins for a range of anointed common problems that are frequently framed as foundational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Inioluwa Deborah Raji , Emily M. Bender , Amandalynne Paullada , Emily Denton , Alex Hanna

In order for agents trained by deep reinforcement learning to work alongside humans in realistic settings, we will need to ensure that the agents are \emph{robust}. Since the real world is very diverse, and human behavior often changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Knott , Micah Carroll , Sam Devlin , Kamil Ciosek , Katja Hofmann , A. D. Dragan , Rohin Shah

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (re-)shape modern life, driving innovation in a wide range of sectors. However, some AI systems have yielded unexpected or undesirable outcomes or have been used in questionable manners. As a…

While certified robustness is widely promoted as a solution to adversarial examples in Artificial Intelligence systems, significant challenges remain before these techniques can be meaningfully deployed in real-world applications. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Andrew C. Cullen , Paul Montague , Sarah M. Erfani , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

AI agents have significant potential to reshape cybersecurity, making a thorough assessment of their capabilities critical. However, existing evaluations fall short, because they are based on small-scale benchmarks and only measure static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Jingxuan He , Matthew Cai , Jialin Zhang , Dawn Song

Benchmarks are pivotal in driving AI progress, and invalid benchmark questions frequently undermine their reliability. Manually identifying and correcting errors among thousands of benchmark questions is not only infeasible but also a…

The rapid adoption of LLMs in both research and industry highlights the challenges of deploying them safely and reveals a gap in the systematic evaluation of toxicity benchmarks. As organizations increasingly rely on these benchmarks to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Regina Gugg , Selina Niederländer , Andreas Stöckl , Martin Flechl

To enable human oversight, agentic AI systems often provide a trace of reasoning and action steps. Designing traces to have an informative, but not overwhelming, level of detail remains a critical challenge. In three user studies on a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Hussein Mozannar , Maya Murad , Jingya Chen , Saleema Amershi , Adam Fourney

Can AI agents deal with hard choices -- cases where options are incommensurable because multiple objectives are pursued simultaneously? Adopting a technologically engaged approach distinct from existing philosophical literature, I submit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kangyu Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance, their potential for widespread societal impact grows simultaneously. Hence, rigorous LLM evaluations are both a technical necessity and social imperative. While numerous evaluation benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaime Raldua Veuthey , Zainab Ali Majid , Suhas Hariharan , Jacob Haimes

The number and importance of AI-based systems in all domains is growing. With the pervasive use and the dependence on AI-based systems, the quality of these systems becomes essential for their practical usage. However, quality assurance for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Michael Felderer , Rudolf Ramler

While games have been used extensively as milestones to evaluate game-playing AI, there exists no standardised framework for reporting the obtained observations. As a result, it remains difficult to draw general conclusions about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Vanessa Volz , Boris Naujoks

Decentralized, agentic AI marketplaces are rapidly emerging to support software engineering tasks such as debugging, patch generation, and security auditing, often operating without centralized oversight. However, existing reputation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Mohd Sameen Chishti , Damilare Peter Oyinloye , Jingyue Li

The growing demand for data-driven decision-making has created an urgent need for data agents that can integrate structured and unstructured data for analysis. While data agents show promise for enabling users to perform complex analytics…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ziting Wang , Shize Zhang , Haitao Yuan , Jinwei Zhu , Shifu Li , Wei Dong , Gao Cong

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Users across enterprises increasingly rely on AI agents to query their data through natural language. However, building reliable data agents remains difficult because real-world data is often fragmented across multiple heterogeneous…

AI agents have been developed for complex real-world tasks from coding to customer service. But AI agent evaluations suffer from many challenges that undermine our understanding of how well agents really work. We introduce the Holistic…