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The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems across critical domains necessitates robust security evaluation frameworks. We propose a novel approach that introduces three metrics: System Complexity Index (SCI), Lyapunov…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 B Kereopa-Yorke

Large language model-powered code agents are rapidly transforming software engineering, yet the security risks of their generated code have become a critical concern. Existing benchmarks have provided valuable insights, but they fail to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Junkai Chen , Huihui Huang , Yunbo Lyu , Junwen An , Jieke Shi , Chengran Yang , Ting Zhang , Haoye Tian , Yikun Li , Zhenhao Li , Xin Zhou , Xing Hu , David Lo

Increased delegation of commercial, scientific, governmental, and personal activities to AI agents -- systems capable of pursuing complex goals with limited supervision -- may exacerbate existing societal risks and introduce new risks.…

Following the rapid increase in Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities in recent years, the AI community has voiced concerns regarding possible safety risks. To support decision-making on the safe use and development of AI systems, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gil Gekker , Meirav Segal , Dan Lahav , Omer Nevo

Aligning autonomous agents with human intent remains a central challenge in modern AI. A key manifestation of this challenge is reward hacking, whereby agents appear successful under the evaluation signal while violating the intended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Amit Roth , Ankur Samanta , Matan Halevy , Yoav Levine , Yonathan Efroni

Evaluating AI agents on comprehensive benchmarks is expensive because each evaluation requires interactive rollouts with tool use and multi-step reasoning. We study whether small task subsets can preserve agent rankings at substantially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Franck Ndzomga

As autonomous AI agents increasingly populate the Internet, a novel security challenge arises: "Is this entity an AI agent?" It is a new entity-type verification problem with no established solution. We formalize the problem through a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zuyao Xu , Xiang Li , Fubin Wu , Yuqi Qiu , Lu Sun , FaSheng Miao

AI agents that autonomously interact with external tools and environments have shown great promise across real-world applications. However, their reliance on external data exposes them to serious indirect prompt injection attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hao Li , Ruoyao Wen , Shanghao Shi , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Chaowei Xiao

Evaluation insights are limited by the availability of high-quality benchmarks. As models evolve, there is a need to create benchmarks that can measure progress on new and complex generative capabilities. However, manually creating new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Natasha Butt , Varun Chandrasekaran , Neel Joshi , Besmira Nushi , Vidhisha Balachandran

Recent research advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have yielded promising results for automated software vulnerability management. AI-based models are reported to greatly outperform traditional static analysis tools, indicating a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Shengye Wan , Joshua Saxe , Craig Gomes , Sahana Chennabasappa , Avilash Rath , Kun Sun , Xinda Wang

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being incorporated into scientific research workflows with the potential to enhance efficiency in tasks such as document analysis, question answering (Q&A), and literature search. However, system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anthea Dathe , Kiran Hoffmann , Aline Mangold

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation through LLM-powered GUI agents, yet their ability to process sensitive data with limited human oversight raises significant privacy and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Chaoran Chen , Zhiping Zhang , Ibrahim Khalilov , Bingcan Guo , Simret A Gebreegziabher , Yanfang Ye , Ziang Xiao , Yaxing Yao , Tianshi Li , Toby Jia-Jun Li

This technical report presents SkillTester, a tool for evaluating the utility and security of agent skills. Its evaluation framework combines paired baseline and with-skill execution conditions with a separate security probe suite. Grounded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Leye Wang , Zixing Wang , Anjie Xu

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly adopted as tool-using agents that can plan, observe their environment, and take actions over extended time periods. This evolution challenges current evaluation practices where the AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Simone Aonzo , Merve Sahin , Aurélien Francillon , Daniele Perito

AI agents are increasingly developed and evaluated on benchmarks relevant to human work, yet it remains unclear how representative these benchmarking efforts are of the labor market as a whole. In this work, we systematically study the…

Every AI benchmark operationalizes theoretical assumptions about the capability it claims to assess. When assumptions function as unexamined commitments, benchmarks stabilize the dominant paradigm by narrowing what counts as progress. Over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Theodore J Kalaitzidis

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly capable of autonomously conducting cyberattacks, posing significant threats to existing applications. This growing risk highlights the urgent need for a real-world benchmark to evaluate the…

LLM agents increasingly perform end-to-end ML engineering tasks where success is judged by a single scalar test metric. This creates a structural vulnerability: an agent can increase the reported score by compromising the evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yonas Atinafu , Robin Cohen

Frontier AI systems are rapidly advancing in their capabilities to persuade, deceive, and influence human behaviour, with current models already demonstrating human-level persuasion and strategic deception in specific contexts. Humans are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Rishane Dassanayake , Mario Demetroudi , James Walpole , Lindley Lentati , Jason R. Brown , Edward James Young

Most AI benchmarks saturate within years or even months after they are introduced, making it hard to study long-run trends in AI capabilities. To address this challenge, we build a statistical framework that stitches benchmarks together,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Anson Ho , Jean-Stanislas Denain , David Atanasov , Samuel Albanie , Rohin Shah
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