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As benchmarks grow in complexity, many apparent agent failures are not failures of the agent at all - they are failures of the benchmark itself: broken specifications, implicit assumptions, and rigid evaluation scripts that penalize valid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xinming Tu , Tianze Wang , Yingzhou , Lu , Kexin Huang , Yuanhao Qu , Sara Mostafavi

The rapid rise of autonomous AI systems and advancements in agent capabilities are introducing new risks due to reduced oversight of real-world interactions. Yet agent testing remains nascent and is still a developing science. As AI agents…

Computer-use agents have rapidly improved on real-world tasks such as web navigation, desktop automation, and software interaction, in some cases surpassing human performance. Yet even when the task and model are unchanged, an agent that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Saaket Agashe , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

The capabilities of artificial intelligence systems have been advancing to a great extent, but these systems still struggle with failure modes, vulnerabilities, and biases. In this paper, we study the current state of the field, and present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xingli Fang , Jianwei Li , Varun Mulchandani , Jung-Eun Kim

The rapid growth of AI agent ecosystems is transforming how complex tasks are delegated and executed, creating a new challenge of identifying suitable agents for a given task. Unlike traditional tools, agent capabilities are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bin Wu , Arastun Mammadli , Xiaoyu Zhang , Emine Yilmaz

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

The meteoric rise of AI, with its rapidly expanding market capitalization, presents both transformative opportunities and critical challenges. Chief among these is the urgent need for a new, unified paradigm for trustworthy evaluation, as…

AI agents, specifically powered by large language models, have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various applications where precision and efficacy are necessary. However, these agents come with inherent risks, including the potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ishaan Domkundwar , Mukunda N S , Ishaan Bhola , Riddhik Kochhar

Modern information access ecosystems consist of mixtures of systems, such as retrieval systems and large language models, and increasingly rely on marketplaces to mediate access to models, tools, and data, making competition between systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 To Eun Kim , Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani , Fernando Diaz

As AI agents integrate into enterprise applications, their evaluation demands benchmarks that reflect the complexity of real-world operations. Instead, existing benchmarks overemphasize open-domains such as code, use narrow accuracy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Amanda Dsouza , Ramya Ramakrishnan , Charles Dickens , Bhavishya Pohani , Christopher M Glaze

Recent advancements in Web AI agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in addressing complex web navigation tasks. However, emerging research shows that these agents exhibit greater vulnerability compared to standalone Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jeffrey Yang Fan Chiang , Seungjae Lee , Jia-Bin Huang , Furong Huang , Yizheng Chen

Artificial intelligence-based systems for player risk detection have become central to harm prevention efforts in the gambling industry. However, growing concerns around transparency and effectiveness have highlighted the absence of…

AI evaluations are an important component of the AI governance toolkit, underlying current approaches to safety cases for preventing catastrophic risks. Our paper examines what these evaluations can and cannot tell us. Evaluations can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Peter Barnett , Lisa Thiergart

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

The impact of frontier AI (i.e., AI agents and foundation models) in cybersecurity is rapidly increasing. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze this trend through multiple aspects: quantitative benchmarks, qualitative literature review,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujin Potter , Wenbo Guo , Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Hongwei Li , Andy Zhang , Patrick Gage Kelley , Kurt Thomas , Dawn Song

As artificial intelligence systems grow more powerful, there has been increasing interest in "AI safety" research to address emerging and future risks. However, the field of AI safety remains poorly defined and inconsistently measured,…

The rapid deployment of LLM-based autonomous agents has introduced safety risks that extend far beyond traditional LLM concerns, prompting a proliferation of safety benchmarks since late 2023. However, these benchmarks have developed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Boyang Li , Heba Ismail , Farkhund Iqbal