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Progress in the task of symbolic music generation may be lagging behind other tasks like audio and text generation, in part because of the scarcity of symbolic training data. In this paper, we leverage the greater scale of audio music data…

A model of music needs to have the ability to recall past details and have a clear, coherent understanding of musical structure. Detailed in the paper is a deep reinforcement learning architecture that predicts and generates polyphonic…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Nikhil Kotecha

The aim of latent variable disentanglement is to infer the multiple informative latent representations that lie behind a data generation process and is a key factor in controllable data generation. In this paper, we propose a deep neural…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Yiming Wu

Foundation models trained with self-supervised objectives are increasingly applied to brain recordings, but autoregressive generation of realistic multichannel neural time series remains comparatively underexplored, particularly for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Richard Csaky , Mats W. J. van Es , Oiwi Parker Jones , Mark Woolrich

Our goal is to be able to build a generative model from a deep neural network architecture to try to create music that has both harmony and melody and is passable as music composed by humans. Previous work in music generation has mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Allen Huang , Raymond Wu

We propose a generative framework for multi-track music source separation (MSS) that reformulates the task as conditional discrete token generation. Unlike conventional approaches that directly estimate continuous signals in the time or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Pengbo Lyu , Xiangyu Zhao , Chengwei Liu , Haoyin Yan , Xiaotao Liang , Hongyu Wang , Shaofei Xue

Autoregressive models are typically applied to sequences of discrete tokens, but recent research indicates that generating sequences of continuous embeddings in an autoregressive manner is also feasible. However, such Continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Marco Pasini , Javier Nistal , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Autoregressive visual generation has garnered increasing attention due to its scalability and compatibility with other modalities compared with diffusion models. Most existing methods construct visual sequences as spatial patches for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yuanhui Huang , Weiliang Chen , Wenzhao Zheng , Yueqi Duan , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Symbolic music generation aims to generate music scores automatically. A recent trend is to use Transformer or its variants in music generation, which is, however, suboptimal, because the full attention cannot efficiently model the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Botao Yu , Peiling Lu , Rui Wang , Wei Hu , Xu Tan , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Artificial Intelligence and generative models have revolutionized music creation, with many models leveraging textual or visual prompts for guidance. However, existing image-to-music models are limited to simple images, lacking the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ivan Rinaldi , Nicola Fanelli , Giovanna Castellano , Gennaro Vessio

In this paper, we propose a generic technique to model temporal dependencies and sequences using a combination of a recurrent neural network and a Deep Belief Network. Our technique, RNN-DBN, is an amalgamation of the memory state of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-30 Kratarth Goel , Raunaq Vohra , J. K. Sahoo

Recent advances in visual generation have emphasized the importance of Latent Generative Models (LGMs), which critically depend on effective visual tokenizers to bridge pixels and semantic representations. However, tokenizers constructed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Mingkai Jia , Mingxiao Li , Zhijian Shu , Anlin Zheng , Liaoyuan Fan , Jiaxin Guo , Tianxing Shi , Dongyue Lu , Zeming Li , Xiaoyang Guo , Xiaojuan Qi , Xiao-Xiao Long , Qian Zhang , Ping Tan , Wei Yin

Symbolic Music Generation relies on the contextual representation capabilities of the generative model, where the most prevalent approach is the Transformer-based model. The learning of musical context is also related to the structural…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Guowei Wu , Shipei Liu , Xiaoya Fan

Recent advances in large language models have shown that autoregressive modeling can generate complex and novel sequences that have many real-world applications. However, these models must generate outputs autoregressively, which becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Asier Mujika

We propose a sequence-to-sequence singing synthesizer, which avoids the need for training data with pre-aligned phonetic and acoustic features. Rather than the more common approach of a content-based attention mechanism combined with an…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Merlijn Blaauw , Jordi Bonada

Subword tokenization has been widely successful in text-based natural language processing (NLP) tasks with Transformer-based models. As Transformer models become increasingly popular in symbolic music-related studies, it is imperative to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Adarsh Kumar , Pedro Sarmento

Visual tokenizers play a crucial role in diffusion models. The dimensionality of latent space governs both reconstruction fidelity and the semantic expressiveness of the latent feature. However, a fundamental trade-off is inherent between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Qingyu Shi , Size Wu , Jinbin Bai , Kaidong Yu , Yujing Wang , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Xuelong Li

While recent machine learning research has revealed connections between deep generative models such as VAEs and rate-distortion losses used in learned compression, most of this work has focused on images. In a similar spirit, we view…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Ruihan Yang , Yibo Yang , Joseph Marino , Stephan Mandt

Visual autoregressive (AR) generation offers a promising path toward unifying vision and language models, yet its performance remains suboptimal against diffusion models. Prior work often attributes this gap to tokenizer limitations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Qiyuan He , Yicong Li , Haotian Ye , Jinghao Wang , Xinyao Liao , Pheng-Ann Heng , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Angela Yao

A recent study showed that large language models (LLMs) can reconstruct surprisingly long texts - up to thousands of tokens - via autoregressive generation from just one trained input embedding. In this work, we explore whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Gleb Mezentsev , Ivan Oseledets
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