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To apply neural sequence models such as the Transformers to music generation tasks, one has to represent a piece of music by a sequence of tokens drawn from a finite set of pre-defined vocabulary. Such a vocabulary usually involves tokens…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Wen-Yi Hsiao , Jen-Yu Liu , Yin-Cheng Yeh , Yi-Hsuan Yang

We consider the problem of learning high-level controls over the global structure of generated sequences, particularly in the context of symbolic music generation with complex language models. In this work, we present the Transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Kristy Choi , Curtis Hawthorne , Ian Simon , Monica Dinculescu , Jesse Engel

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nikola Jovanović , Ismail Labiad , Tomáš Souček , Martin Vechev , Pierre Fernandez

Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

We present the Melody-Guided Music Generation (MG2) model, a novel approach using melody to guide the text-to-music generation that, despite a simple method and limited resources, achieves excellent performance. Specifically, we first align…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shaopeng Wei , Manzhen Wei , Haoyu Wang , Yu Zhao , Gang Kou

High-fidelity neural audio codecs in Text-to-speech (TTS) aim to compress speech signals into discrete representations for faithful reconstruction. However, prior approaches faced challenges in effectively disentangling acoustic and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruonan Zhang , Xiaoyang Hao , Yichen Han , Junjie Cao , Yue Liu , Kai Zhang

We investigate the problem of modeling symbolic sequences of polyphonic music in a completely general piano-roll representation. We introduce a probabilistic model based on distribution estimators conditioned on a recurrent neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Nicolas Boulanger-Lewandowski , Yoshua Bengio , Pascal Vincent

In this work, we propose a permutation invariant language model, SymphonyNet, as a solution for symbolic symphony music generation. We propose a novel Multi-track Multi-instrument Repeatable (MMR) representation for symphonic music and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Jiafeng Liu , Yuanliang Dong , Zehua Cheng , Xinran Zhang , Xiaobing Li , Feng Yu , Maosong Sun

Video-to-audio generation is essential for synthesizing realistic audio tracks that synchronize effectively with silent videos. Following the perspective of extracting essential signals from videos that can precisely control the mature…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Juncheng Wang , Chao Xu , Cheng Yu , Lei Shang , Zhe Hu , Shujun Wang , Liefeng Bo

Existing text-to-music models can produce high-quality audio with great diversity. However, textual prompts alone cannot precisely control temporal musical features such as chords and rhythm of the generated music. To address this…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yun-Han Lan , Wen-Yi Hsiao , Hao-Chung Cheng , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Realistic music generation is a challenging task. When building generative models of music that are learnt from data, typically high-level representations such as scores or MIDI are used that abstract away the idiosyncrasies of a particular…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Sander Dieleman , Aäron van den Oord , Karen Simonyan

Speech tokenizers are foundational to speech language models, yet existing approaches face two major challenges: (1) balancing trade-offs between encoding semantics for understanding and acoustics for reconstruction, and (2) achieving low…

We introduce MAGNeT, a masked generative sequence modeling method that operates directly over several streams of audio tokens. Unlike prior work, MAGNeT is comprised of a single-stage, non-autoregressive transformer. During training, we…

Generative modeling has recently achieved remarkable success across text, image, and audio domains, demonstrating powerful capabilities for unified representation learning. However, audio generation models still face challenges in terms of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chengwei Liu , Haoyin Yan , Shaofei Xue , Xiaotao Liang , Yinghao Liu , Zheng Xue , Gang Song , Boyang Zhou

Inspired by the remarkable success of autoregressive models in language modeling, this paradigm has been widely adopted in visual generation. However, the sequential token-by-token decoding mechanism inherent in traditional autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Siyang Wang , Hanting Li , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Xinghao Chen , Feng Zhao

In recent years, image generation has shown a great leap in performance, where diffusion models play a central role. Although generating high-quality images, such models are mainly conditioned on textual descriptions. This begs the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Guy Yariv , Itai Gat , Lior Wolf , Yossi Adi , Idan Schwartz

Generating long sequences with structural coherence remains a fundamental challenge for autoregressive models across sequential generation tasks. In symbolic music generation, this challenge is particularly pronounced, as existing methods…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Boyu Cao , Lekai Qian , Dehan Li , Haoyu Gu , Mingda Xu , Qi Liu

In this paper, we focus on motion discrete tokenization, which converts raw motion into compact discrete tokens--a process proven crucial for efficient motion generation. In this paradigm, increasing the number of tokens is a common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sheng Yan , Yong Wang , Xin Du , Junsong Yuan , Mengyuan Liu

Lyric-to-melody generation aims to automatically create melodies based on given lyrics, requiring the capture of complex and subtle correlations between them. However, previous works usually suffer from two main challenges: 1) lyric-melody…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Jiaxing Yu , Xinda Wu , Yunfei Xu , Tieyao Zhang , Songruoyao Wu , Le Ma , Kejun Zhang

Recent speech language models rely on encoders that are optimized separately from autoregressive models. Since these encoders are unaware of the downstream objectives, the extracted representations may not be optimal for downstream tasks.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Sung-Lin Yeh , Wei Zhou , Gil Keren , Duc Le , Zhong Meng , Hao Tang , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Alexandre Mourachko