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This article aims to provide an accessible, tutorial-style introduction to hybrid extremum-seeking systems, which are model-free, feedback-optimization controllers that incorporate hybrid dynamics, meaning both continuous-time and…
ESG-aware portfolio optimization is increasingly important for sustainable capital allocation, yet most learning-based methods still operationalize ESG by appending static scores to the policy observation or reward. This creates a mismatch…
Complex droop control, alternatively known as dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC), stands out for its unique capabilities in synchronization and voltage stabilization among existing control strategies for grid-forming converters.…
We present a systematic method for designing distributed generation and demand control schemes for secondary frequency regulation in power networks such that stability and an economically optimal power allocation can be guaranteed. A…
The Grid-Forming Inverter (GFMI) is an emerging topic that is attracting significant attention from both academic and industrial communities, particularly in the area of control design. The Decoupled Average Model-based Sliding Mode Current…
To satisfy dynamic requirements of power systems, it is imperative for grid-tied inverters to ensure good disturbance rejection performance (DRP) under variable grid conditions. This letter discovers and theoretically proves that for…
To address the frequency stability challenges posed by the rising penetration of power electronics in power systems, HVDC-connected offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are increasingly expected to provide inertial response and frequency…
The integration of massive offshore wind into hybrid AC-HVDC grids demands robust DC voltage regulation, yet conventional fixed-gain droop controllers struggle under severe stochastic volatility. This paper bridges the gap between…
The widely accepted definition of grid-forming (GFM) inverter states that it should behave as a (nearly) constant voltage source behind an impedance by maintaining a (nearly) constant internal voltage phasor in the sub-transient to…
Grid-forming technology has a crucial role in achieving the future all renewable power grid. Among different types of grid-forming controllers, Virtual Oscillator (VO) based Controllers (VOCs) are the most advanced. VOCs outperform the…
This paper presents an improved droop control method to ensure effective power sharing, voltage regulation, and frequency stabilization of inverter-based resources (IBRs) connected in parallel in an islanded AC microgrid. In the…
We propose an adaptive optimization algorithm for solving unconstrained scaled gradient flow problems that achieves fast convergence by controlling the optimization trajectory shape and the discretization step sizes. Under a broad class of…
In multi-infeed hybrid AC-DC (MIDC) systems, the asynchronous interconnection between regional grids, the complicated system dynamics and possible cascading failures have an enormous effect on the frequency stability. In order to deal with…
Gradient descent is a widely used iterative algorithm for finding local minima in multivariate functions. However, the final iterations often either overshoot the minima or make minimal progress, making it challenging to determine an…
This work proposes a unified control architecture that couples a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-driven controller with a disturbance-rejection Extended State Observer (ESO), complemented by an Event-Triggered Mechanism (ETM) to limit…
This paper presents a Newton-based stochastic extremum-seeking control method for real-time optimization in multi-input systems with distinct input delays. It combines predictor-based feedback and Hessian inverse estimation via stochastic…
Contemporary electricity distribution systems are being challenged by the variability of renewable energy sources. Slow response times and long energy management periods cannot efficiently integrate intermittent renewable generation and…
In this paper, frequency dynamics in modern power systems with a high penetration of converter-based generation is analysed. A fundamental analysis of the frequency dynamics is performed to identify the limitations and challenges when the…
The paper discusses fast frequency control in bulk power systems using embedded networks of grid-forming energy storage resources. Differing from their traditional roles of regulating reserves, the storage resources in this work operate as…
In order to deal with issues caused by the increasing penetration of renewable resources in power systems, this paper proposes a novel distributed frequency control algorithm for each generating unit and controllable load in a transmission…