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The interconnected power system presents a great challenge to both system analyzers and control designers. The load-frequency control (LFC) problem has gained much importance because of the complexity and size of modern interconnected power…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-11 A. Bensenouci , A. M. Abdel Ghany

This work investigates the transient and dynamical behavior of hybrid AC/DC systems using dual-port grid-forming (GFM) control. A generalized modeling framework for hybrid AC/DC networks is first introduced that accounts for converter,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß , Alexander Winkens , Julian Jansen , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig

Extremum seeking systems are powerful methods able to steer the input of a (dynamical) cost function towards an optimizer, without any prior knowledge of the cost function. To achieve their objective, they typically combine time-periodic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Christophe Labar , Christian Ebenbauer , Lorenzo Marconi

This paper presents a novel Dynam-i-c Droop (iDroop) control mechanism to perform primary frequency control with gird-connected inverters that improves the network dynamic performance. The work is motivated by the dynamic degradation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Enrique Mallada

This paper proposes a novel control framework designed for Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), denoted as Generalized Swing Control (GSC). The proposed GSC framework generalizes the definition of Grid-Forming (GFM) control schemes and exploits…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Rodrigo Bernal , Federico Milano

This paper investigates the implementation and application of the multi-variable grid-forming hybrid angle control (HAC) for high-power converters in transmission grids. We explore the system-level performance and robustness of the HAC…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-13 Ali Tayyebi , Alan Magdaleno , Denis Vettoretti , Meng Chen , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Adolfo Anta , Florian Dörfler

High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems for constant or intermittent power delivery have recently been developed further to support grid frequency regulation (GFR). This paper proposes a new control strategy for a line-commutated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Do-Hoon Kwon , Youngjin Kim

The inherent control switching of renewable energy sources (RESs) during intricate transient processes introduces complexity to the dynamic behavior of modern power systems. This paper reveals the dynamic coupling between grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Ruiyuan Zeng , Ruisheng Diao , Fangyuan Sun , Wangqianyun Tang , Junjie Li , Baorong Zhou

A new optimized extreme learning machine- (ELM-) based method for power system transient stability prediction (TSP) using synchrophasors is presented in this paper. First, the input features symbolizing the transient stability of power…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Yanjun Zhang , Tie Li , Guangyu Na , Guoqing Li , Yang Li

To be useful for quantum computation, gate operations must be maintained at high fidelities over long periods of time. In addition to decoherence, slow drifts in control hardware leads to inaccurate gates, causing the quality of operation…

This paper deals with the gradient extremum seeking control for static scalar maps with actuators governed by distributed diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs). To achieve the real-time optimization objective, we design a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Pedro Henrique Silva Coutinho , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstic

This paper proposes a discrete-time event-triggered extremum seeking control scheme for real-time optimization of nonlinear systems. Unlike conventional discrete-time implementations relying on periodic updates, the proposed approach…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstić , Frank Allgöwer

Grid-interfacing inverters serve as the interface between renewable energy resources and the electric power grid, offering fast, programmable control capabilities. However, their operation is constrained by hardware limitations, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

Integrating grid-forming converters (GFMCs) into grid-following converter (GFLC)-dominated power systems enhances the grid strength, but GFMCs' current-limiting characteristic triggers dynamic switching between constant voltage control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Bingfang Li , Songhao Yang , Pu Cheng , Zhiguo Hao

This paper addresses the design and analysis of a multivariable gradient-based stochastic extremum-seeking control method for multi-input systems with arbitrary input delays. The approach accommodates systems with distinct time delays…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Paulo Cesar Souza Silva , Paulo Cesar Pellanda , Tiago Roux Oliveira

Current state-of-the-art model-based reinforcement learning algorithms use trajectory sampling methods, such as the Cross-Entropy Method (CEM), for planning in continuous control settings. These zeroth-order optimizers require sampling a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Kevin Huang , Sahin Lale , Ugo Rosolia , Yuanyuan Shi , Anima Anandkumar

Grid-forming voltage source converters (GFM-VSCs) play a crucial role in the stability of power systems with large amounts of converter-based generation. Transient stability (angle stability under large disturbances) is a critical limiting…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Luis Rouco , Javier Renedo , Lukas Sigrist , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada

With the decrease in system inertia, frequency security becomes an issue for power systems around the world. Energy storage systems (ESS), due to their excellent ramping capabilities, are considered as a natural choice for the improvement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-27 Yan Jiang , Eliza Cohn , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

The highly fluctuated renewable generations and electric vehicles have undergone tremendous growth in recent years. The majority of them are connected to the grid via power electronic devices, resulting in wide variation ranges for several…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-13 Likai Liu , Zechun Hu , Asad Mujeeb

With the emergence of low-inertia microgrids powered by inverter-based generation, there remains a concern about the operational resilience of these systems. Grid-forming inverters (GFMs), enabled by various device-level (primary) and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Alok Kumar Bharati , Subhrajit Sinha , Soumya Kundu , Veronica Adetola , Kevin Schneider
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