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With the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids, system-level coordinated optimization of IBR controllers has become increasingly important for maintaining overall system stability. Unlike most existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Haowen Xu , Xin Chen

This work proposes the adoption of Enhanced Gradient-Based Optimizer (EGBO) as a new approach to the Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem in a two-area interconnected power system. The importance of determining the optimal parameters for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Nabil Anan Orka , Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Md. Nazmush Shakib Shahi , Ashik Ahmed

A widely embraced approach to mitigate the dynamic degradation in low-inertia power systems is to mimic generation response using grid-connected inverters to restore the grid's stiffness. In this paper, we seek to challenge this approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-30 Yan Jiang , Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

Trajectory optimization is a fundamental stochastic optimal control problem. This paper deals with a trajectory optimization approach for dynamical systems subject to measurement noise that can be fitted into linear time-varying stochastic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-24 Prakash Mallick , Zhiyong Chen

Inverter-based storages are poised to play a prominent role in future power grids with massive renewable generation. Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) are emerging as a dominant technology with synchronous generators (SG)-like characteristics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Ramij Raja Hossain , Kaustav Chatterjee , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Laurentiu Marinovici , Karan Kalsi , Diane Baldwin

The ever increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) in power distribution networks has brought, among others, the challenge of maintaining the grid voltages within the secure region. Employing droop voltage regulators on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-18 H. Sekhavatmanesh , G. Ferrari-Trecate , S. Mastellone

Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) present a significant challenge to the stability and reliability of power systems, especially in grids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Traditional grid-following (GFL) inverters have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Tamojit Chakraborty , Anamitra Pal , Sam Maleki

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced system conditions and unbalanced faults. To fully leverage the degrees of freedom of VSCs, we introduce the concept of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Prajwal Bhagwat , Dominic Groß

Transient frequency dips that follow sudden power imbalances --frequency Nadir-- represent a big challenge for frequency stability of low-inertia power systems. Since low inertia is identified as one of the causes for deep frequency Nadir,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 Yan Jiang , Eliza Cohn , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

In this paper, we present a novel Newton-based extremum seeking controller for the solution of multivariable model-free optimization problems in static maps. Unlike existing asymptotic and fixed-time results in the literature, we present a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Jorge I. Poveda , Miroslav Krstic

This paper introduces extremum seeking (ES) algorithms designed to achieve perfect tracking of arbitrary time-varying extremum. In contrast to classical ES approaches that employ constant frequencies and controller gains, our algorithms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Cemal Tugrul Yilmaz , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic

This paper proposes a non-adaptive control solution framework to the practical output regulation problem (PORP) for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters, unknown control directions and uncertain exosystem dynamics. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Shimin Wang , Martin Guay , Denis Dochain

In this paper, we study the use of robust model independent bounded extremum seeking (ES) feedback control to improve the robustness of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controllers for a class of nonlinear time-varying systems. DRL has the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Shaifalee Saxena , Alan Williams , Rafael Fierro , Alexander Scheinker

We introduce a new class of extremum seeking controllers able to achieve fixed time convergence to the solution of optimization problems defined by static and dynamical systems. Unlike existing approaches in the literature, the convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Jorge I. Poveda , Miroslav Krstic

Extremum seeking control (ESC) often employs perturbation-based estimates of derivatives for some sensor field or cost function. These estimates are generally obtained by simply multiplying the output of a single-unit sensor by some…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Dylan James-Kavanaugh , Patrick McNamee , Qixu Wang , Zahra Nili Ahmadabadi

As power systems transit to a state of high renewable penetration, little or no presence of synchronous generators makes the prerequisite of well-regulated frequency for grid-following inverters unrealistic. Thus, there is a trend to resort…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-16 Yan Jiang , Andrey Bernstein , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

To implement controllable loads for frequency regulation in transmission networks in a practical way, the control scheme needs to be granulated down at least to subtransmission networks since loads in transmission networks are usually the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Congchong Zhang , Tao Liu , David J. Hill

We study how high charging rate demands from electric vehicles (EVs) in a power distribution grid may collectively cause poor dynamic performance, and propose a price incentivization strategy to steer customers to settle for lesser charging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Amit Kumer Podder , Tomonori Sadamoto , Aranya Chakrabortty

In this paper, the empirical controllability covariance (ECC), which is calculated around the considered operating condition of a power system, is applied to quantify the degree of controllability of system voltages under specific dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Junjian Qi , Weihong Huang , Kai Sun , Wei Kang

This paper presents a novel framework for collective control of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in active Distribution Networks (DNs). The proposed approach unifies the commonly employed local (i.e., decentralized) voltage and frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-19 Ognjen Stanojev , Yi Guo , Gabriela Hug