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Related papers: Unified Energy Function Tailored to Inverter-Based…

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Grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) are capable of emulating the external characteristics of synchronous generators (SGs) through the careful design of the control loops. However, the current limiter in the control loops of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Yanshu Niu , Zhe Yang , Bikash C. Pal

This article introduces two control frameworks: one for Grid-Following (GFL) inverters aiding Grid-Forming (GFM) inverters in voltage regulation during large contingency events and optimizing power transactions under normal conditions; and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-25 Jaesang Park , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa Salapaka

This paper demonstrates the key features of a control system applicable to inverter-based resources (IBR), which is based on grid-forming technology. Such resources are classified as grid-forming or grid-following converters based on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Yangyadatta Tripathy , Barjeev Tyagi

This paper establishes a sufficient condition for guaranteeing power flow solvability in distribution grids with inverter-based resources (IBRs) operating under IEEE 1547 compliant Volt-Var control. While designed to improve voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Taha Saeed Khan , Hamidreza Nazaripouya

We propose a novel hierarchical frequency and voltage control design for multi-area power system integrated with inverter-based resources (IBRs). The design is based on the idea of prioritizing the use of IBRs over conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-08 Rahul Chakraborty , Aranya Chakrabortty , Evangelos Farantatos , Mahendra Patel , Hossein Hooshyar , Atena Darvishi

With the fast-increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs), the voltage support capability of the grid following (GFL) IBRs under low voltage ride through (LVRT) control significantly influences the transient voltage stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Fangyuan Sun , Ruisheng Diao , Ruiyuan Zeng , Jing Zhang , Jianguo Qian

Inverter-based resources (IBR) have been widely studied for their advantages on the current power systems. This increase in the penetration of renewable energy has raised some concerns about the stability of the existing grid. Historically,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Mohammed F. Allehyani , Mohamed Abuagreb , Brian K. Johnson

Power electronic converters for integrating renewable energy resources into power systems can be divided into grid-forming and grid-following inverters. They possess certain similarities, but several important differences, which means that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Yitong Li , Yunjie Gu , Timothy C. Green

With the increasing penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), power system stability constraints must be incorporated into the operational framework, transforming it into stability-constrained optimization. Currently, there exist…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Wangkun Xu , Zhongda Chu , Florin Capitanescu , Fei Teng

The change of electric power generation - from synchronous generator (SG) to converter - is generally regarded as the second revolution of power system. Different from rotor swing of SG in traditional grids mainly described by the swing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Meng Zhan , Miao Han , Yayao Zhang , Hongsheng Xu , Jiabing Hu , Shijie Cheng , Jürgen Kurths

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has increased the complexity of the power system due to their intermittent characteristics and lower inertial response, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind turbines. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Mohammad Khatibi , Sara Ahmed

Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zirui Wang , Yitong Li , Quanchi Wu , Jinjun Liu

This paper presents a detailed small-signal stability analysis of a modified version of the Cigr\'e European high-voltage network, where one of the synchronous generators is replaced by a grid-following inverter-based resource (IBR). The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Francesco Conte , Fernando Mancilla-David , Amritansh Sagar , Chendan Li , Federico Silvestro , Samuele Grillo

The large-scale integration of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources presents significant challenges to maintaining power balance and nominal frequency in modern power systems. This paper studies grid-level coordinated control of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Xiaoyang Wang , Xin Chen

This paper presents a critical review of methods commonly employed in the literature for small signal stability analysis of inverter based resources (IBRs). It discusses the intended purposes of these methods and outlines both their proper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Anton A. Stoorvogel , Saeed Lotfifard , Ali Saberi

In this paper we consider a possibility of stabilizing very fast electromagnetic interactions between Inverter Based Resources (IBRs), known as the Control Induced System Stability problems. We propose that when these oscillatory…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-09 Riley Lawson , Marija Ilic

Unprecedented dynamic phenomena may appear in power grids due to higher and higher penetration of inverter-based resources (IBR), e.g., wind and solar photovoltaic (PV). A major challenge in dynamic modeling and analysis is that unlike…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-10 Lingling Fan , Zhixin Miao

Subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) involving grid-following converters (GFLCs) connected to weak grids are a relatively new phenomena observed in modern power systems. SSOs are further exacerbated when grids become weaker because lines are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Sina Ameli , Lilan Karunaratne , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri , Constantino Lagoa

This paper discusses the modeling of inverters used in distributed energy resources in steady state. Modeling the interaction between distribution grids and inverter-based resources is crucial to understand the consequences for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Rahmat Heidari , Frederik Geth

This work explores the usage of a supplementary controller for improving the transient performance of inverter$\unicode{x2013}$based resources (IBR) in microgrids. The supplementary controller is trained using a reinforcement learning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Ashwin Venkataramanan , Ali Mehrizi-Sani