Hybrid Voltage-Current Control of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters
Abstract
Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may exhibit unstable oscillations under strong-grid conditions. To address these issues, a hybrid voltage-current control method is proposed in this article. A voltage control is introduced on the d-axis, while a current control is adopted on the q-axis, enabling the inverter to exhibit voltage-source characteristics on the d-axis and current-source characteristics on the q-axis. In this way, the proposed control integrates the characteristics of both conventional GFL and GFM control. A full-order model is established to analyze the port characteristics and small-signal stability of the systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through simulations and experiments on a 1.5 kW inverter experimental platform. The results show that the proposed control maintains stable operation under different grid conditions with varying short-circuit ratios (SCRs).
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.03617,
title = {Hybrid Voltage-Current Control of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters},
author = {Zirui Wang and Yitong Li and Quanchi Wu and Jinjun Liu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.03617},
year = {2026}
}