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This study aims to guide language model selection by investigating: 1) the necessity of finetuning versus zero-shot usage, 2) the benefits of domain-adjacent versus generic pretrained models, 3) the value of further domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Lovedeep Gondara , Jonathan Simkin , Graham Sayle , Shebnum Devji , Gregory Arbour , Raymond Ng

OpenNotes enables patients to access EHR notes, but medical jargon can hinder comprehension. To improve understanding, we evaluated closed- and open-source LLMs for extracting and prioritizing key medical terms using prompting, fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Won Seok Jang , Sharmin Sultana , Zonghai Yao , Hieu Tran , Zhichao Yang , Sunjae Kwon , Hong Yu

Introduction: Electronic health records (EHR) are a critical medium through which patient stigmatization is perpetuated among healthcare teams. Methods: We identified linguistic features of doubt markers and stigmatizing labels in MIMIC-III…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Drew Walker , Jennifer Love , Swati Rajwal , Isabel C Walker , Hannah LF Cooper , Abeed Sarker , Melvin Livingston

Online dating and hookup platforms have fundamentally changed people's day-to-day practices of sex and love-but exist in tension with older social and medicolegal norms. This is particularly the case for people with HIV, who are frequently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Calvin Liang , Jevan Hutson , Os Keyes

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly influenced various domains, leveraging their exceptional few-shot and zero-shot learning capabilities. In this work, we aim to explore and understand the LLMs-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Huan Liu

Large language models (LLM) have been successful in several natural language understanding tasks and could be relevant for natural language processing (NLP)-based mental health application research. In this work, we report the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Bishal Lamichhane

In the realm of artificial intelligence, where a vast majority of data is unstructured, obtaining substantial amounts of labeled data to train supervised machine learning models poses a significant challenge. To address this, we delve into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Natan Vidra , Thomas Clifford , Katherine Jijo , Eden Chung , Liang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for clinical question answering and decision support, yet safe deployment critically requires reliable handling of patient measurements in heterogeneous clinical notes. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Minh-Vuong Nguyen , Fatemeh Shiri , Zhuang Li , Karin Verspoor

Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as promising tools for mental health care, offering scalable support through their ability to generate human-like responses. However, the effectiveness of these models in clinical settings remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yining Hua , Hongbin Na , Zehan Li , Fenglin Liu , Xiao Fang , David Clifton , John Torous

Recent research has shown that hallucinations, omissions, and biases are prevalent in everyday use-cases of LLMs. However, chatbots used in medical contexts must provide consistent advice in situations where non-medical factors are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jonathan Liu , Haoling Qiu , Jonathan Lasko , Damianos Karakos , Mahsa Yarmohammadi , Mark Dredze

Stigmatizing language results in healthcare inequities, yet there is no universally accepted or standardized lexicon defining which words, terms, or phrases constitute stigmatizing language in healthcare. We conducted a systematic search of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yiliang Zhou , Di Hu , Tianchu Lyu , Jasmine Dhillon , Alexandra L. Beck , Gelareh Sadigh , Kai Zheng

In the era of increasingly sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) systems, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential for diverse applications, including tasks requiring nuanced textual understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Poli Apollinaire Nemkova , Solomon Ubani , Mark V. Albert

High-throughput phenotyping, the automated mapping of patient signs and symptoms to standardized ontology concepts, is essential to gaining value from electronic health records (EHR) in the support of precision medicine. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Syed I. Munzir , Daniel B. Hier , Chelsea Oommen , Michael D. Carrithers

This paper describes our submission to the MEDIQA-Chat 2023 shared task for automatic clinical note generation from doctor-patient conversations. We report results for two approaches: the first fine-tunes a pre-trained language model (PLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 John Giorgi , Augustin Toma , Ronald Xie , Sondra S. Chen , Kevin R. An , Grace X. Zheng , Bo Wang

Objective: Develop a cost-effective, large language model (LLM)-based pipeline for automatically extracting Review of Systems (ROS) entities from clinical notes. Materials and Methods: The pipeline extracts ROS section from the clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hieu Nghiem , Zhuqi Miao , Hemanth Reddy Singareddy , Jivan Lamichhane , Abdulaziz Ahmed , Johnson Thomas , Dursun Delen , William Paiva

Accurate and interpretable detection of depressive language in social media is useful for early interventions of mental health conditions, and has important implications for both clinical practice and broader public health efforts. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Samuel Kim , Oghenemaro Imieye , Yunting Yin

Accurate symptom-to-disease classification and clinically grounded treatment recommendations remain challenging, particularly in heterogeneous patient settings with high diagnostic risk. Existing large language model (LLM)-based systems…

Depression is a major contributor to the mental-health burden in Nigeria, yet screening coverage remains limited due to low access to clinicians, stigma, and language barriers. Traditional tools like the Patient Health Questionnaire-9…

Large Language Models (LLMs) may portray discrimination towards certain individuals, especially those characterized by multiple attributes (aka intersectional bias). Discovering intersectional bias in LLMs is challenging, as it involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Badr Souani , Ezekiel Soremekun , Mike Papadakis , Setsuko Yokoyama , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Yves Le Traon

Survey research faces mounting structural challenges: declining response rates, sample bias, block-wise missingness among at-risk respondents, and AI-assisted fraudulent completions in online panels. Large language models (LLMs) have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yan Wang , Ziyi Guo , Christopher McCarty