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Despite significant advancements in large language models (LLMs) that enhance robot agents' understanding and execution of natural language (NL) commands, ensuring the agents adhere to user-specified constraints remains challenging,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yi Wu , Zikang Xiong , Yiran Hu , Shreyash S. Iyengar , Nan Jiang , Aniket Bera , Lin Tan , Suresh Jagannathan

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications such as "digital assistants, autonomous customer service, and decision-support systems", where their ability to "interact in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xueyang Zhou , Weidong Wang , Lin Lu , Jiawen Shi , Guiyao Tie , Yongtian Xu , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

With the recent unprecedented advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing, progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) is accelerating rapidly, presenting challenges in establishing clear guidelines, particularly in the field of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Andrew Seong , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, extensive efforts have been made to align LLM behavior with human values, including safety.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Jinyuan Jia , Bill Yuchen Lin , Radha Poovendran

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o into robotic systems represents a significant advancement in embodied artificial intelligence. These models can process multi-modal prompts, enabling them to generate more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Conan Dewitt , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Ensuring safe and contextually appropriate behaviour in Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for real-world deployment. We present \textbf{SafeCtrl-RL}, an inference-time behavioural control framework that enables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Michael Orme , Yanchao Yu , Zhiyuan Tan

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have expanded their role in robotic task planning. However, while LLMs have been explored for generating feasible task sequences, their ability to ensure safe task execution remains…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Wanjing Huang , Tongjie Pan , Yalan Ye

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in Computer Science (CS) classrooms to automate code generation, feedback, and assessment. However, their susceptibility to adversarial or ill-intentioned prompts threatens student…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nishat Raihan , Noah Erdachew , Jayoti Devi , Joanna C. S. Santos , Marcos Zampieri

High-risk industries like nuclear and aviation use real-time monitoring to detect dangerous system conditions. Similarly, Large Language Models (LLMs) need monitoring safeguards. We propose a real-time framework to predict harmful AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Maheep Chaudhary , Fazl Barez

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in zero-shot and single step reasoning and decision making problems, but in long horizon sequential planning tasks, their errors compound, often leading to unreliable or inefficient behavior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Anand Gokhale , Vaibhav Srivastava , Francesco Bullo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into automated, multi-stage pipelines, risk patterns that arise from unvalidated trust between processing stages become a practical concern. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Dominik Schwarz

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) make them increasingly compelling for adoption in real-world healthcare applications. However, the risks associated with using LLMs in medical applications have not been…

Prepending model inputs with safety prompts is a common practice for safeguarding large language models (LLMs) against queries with harmful intents. However, the underlying working mechanisms of safety prompts have not been unraveled yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Chujie Zheng , Fan Yin , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Kai-Wei Chang , Minlie Huang , Nanyun Peng

As large language models are integrated into autonomous robotic systems for task planning and control, compromised inputs or unsafe model outputs can propagate through the planning pipeline to physical-world consequences. Although prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi , Carlo R. da Cunha

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven code generation tools are increasingly used throughout the software development lifecycle to accelerate coding tasks. However, the security of AI-generated code using Large Language Models (LLMs) remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammed Kharma , Soohyeon Choi , Mohammed AlKhanafseh , David Mohaisen

When large language model (LLM) systems interact with external data to perform complex tasks, a new attack, namely prompt injection, becomes a significant threat. By injecting instructions into the data accessed by the system, the attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sizhe Chen , Yizhu Wang , Nicholas Carlini , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

Language model (LM) agents have demonstrated significant potential for automating real-world tasks, yet they pose a diverse array of potential, severe risks in safety-critical scenarios. In this work, we identify a significant gap between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yuzhi Tang , Tianxiao Li , Elizabeth Li , Chris J. Maddison , Honghua Dong , Yangjun Ruan

Achieving robust safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) while preserving their utility remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often struggle to balance comprehensive safety with fine-grained controllability at the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Huizhen Shu , Xuying Li , Zhuo Li

Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs are typically safety-aligned before release to prevent harmful content generation. However, recent studies show that safety behaviors are concentrated in a small subset of parameters, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhaoxin Wang , Jiaming Liang , Fengbin Zhu , Weixiang Zhao , Junfeng Fang , Jiayi Ji , Handing Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance in understanding and generating long sequences, new safety concerns have been introduced through the long context. However, the safety of LLMs in long-context tasks remains under-explored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yida Lu , Jiale Cheng , Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaotao Gu , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang