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Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, representing the most significant security threat in production deployments. We present Prompt Fencing, a novel architectural approach that applies cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Steven Peh

Embodied AI systems, including AI-powered robots that autonomously interact with the physical world, stand to be significantly advanced by Large Language Models (LLMs), which enable robots to better understand complex language commands and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to control robotic systems such as drones, but their risks of causing physical threats and harm in real-world applications remain unexplored. Our study addresses the critical gap in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yung-Chen Tang , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Recently, web-based Large Language Model (LLM) agents autonomously perform increasingly complex tasks, thereby bringing significant convenience. However, they also amplify the risks of malicious misuse cases such as unauthorized collection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Sechan Lee , Sangdon Park

Ensuring functional safety in human-robot interaction is challenging because AI perception is inherently probabilistic, whereas industrial standards require deterministic behavior. We present an LLM-guided safety agent for edge robotics,…

Large language models (LLMs) excel in text understanding and generation but raise significant safety and ethical concerns in high-stakes applications. To mitigate these risks, we present Libra-Guard, a cutting-edge safeguard system designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ziyang Chen , Huimu Yu , Xing Wu , Dongqin Liu , Songlin Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise workflows but introduce security and ethics challenges when employees inadvertently share confidential data or generate policy-violating content. This paper proposes SafeGPT, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Pratyush Desai , Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Zhaohan Xi

Software engineers in various industrial domains are already using Large Language Models (LLMs) to accelerate the process of implementing parts of software systems. When considering its potential use for ADAS or AD systems in the automotive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Zhennan Fei , Krishna Ronanki , Håkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger

Modern Large Language Model (LLM) systems are assembled from third-party artifacts such as pre-trained weights, fine-tuning adapters, datasets, dependency packages, and container images, fetched through automated pipelines. This speed comes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zhuoran Tan , Jeremy Singer , Christos Anagnostopoulos

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on additional datasets is often necessary to optimize them for specific downstream tasks. However, existing safety alignment measures, which restrict harmful behavior during inference, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Minjun Zhu , Linyi Yang , Yifan Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be susceptible to jailbreak attacks, or adversarial attacks used to illicit high risk behavior from a model. Jailbreaks have been exploited by cybercriminals and blackhat actors to cause…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Joao Fonseca , Andrew Bell , Julia Stoyanovich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Model (LLM) alignment remains vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit unsafe responses, motivating pre-model and post-model guards. Pre-model guards audit the safety of prompts before invoking target models. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hongyu Cai , Arjun Arunasalam , Yiming Liang , Antonio Bianchi , Z. Berkay Celik

With the growing prevalence of large language models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has raised significant concerns. However, there is still a lack of definitive standards for evaluating their safety due to the subjective nature of current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Chuxue Cao , Han Zhu , Jiaming Ji , Qichao Sun , Zhenghao Zhu , Yinyu Wu , Juntao Dai , Yaodong Yang , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) are transforming personal productivity by autonomously executing complex, cross-platform tasks. Frameworks such as OpenClaw demonstrate the potential of locally deployed agents integrated with personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haoyu Wang , Zibo Xiao , Yedi Zhang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

Vision-language alignment in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) successfully enables LLMs to understand visual input. However, we find that existing vision-language alignment methods fail to transfer the existing safety mechanism for text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Yunchang Zhu , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), new and hard-to-predict harmful capabilities are emerging. This requires developers to be able to identify risks through the evaluation of "dangerous capabilities" in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yuxia Wang , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Autonomous control systems face significant challenges in performing complex tasks in the presence of latent risks. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that combines Large Language Models (LLMs), numerical optimization, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Xiyu Deng , Quan Khanh Luu , Anh Van Ho , Yorie Nakahira

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) signifies an impressive stride towards artificial general intelligence. They have shown a promising prospect in automatically completing tasks upon user instructions, functioning as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhizheng Zhang , Xiaoyi Zhang , Wenxuan Xie , Yan Lu