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Embodied agents powered by large language models (LLMs) inherit advanced planning capabilities; however, their direct interaction with the physical world exposes them to safety vulnerabilities. In this work, we identify four key reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ruolin Chen , Yinqian Sun , Jihang Wang , Mingyang Lv , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for decision making in embodied agents, yet existing safety evaluations often rely on coarse success rates and domain-specific setups, making it difficult to diagnose why and where these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yejin Son , Minseo Kim , Sungwoong Kim , Seungju Han , Jian Kim , Dongju Jang , Youngjae Yu , Chanyoung Park

Recent advancements in AI safety have led to increased efforts in training and red-teaming large language models (LLMs) to mitigate unsafe content generation. However, these safety mechanisms may not be comprehensive, leaving potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Emet Bethany , Mazal Bethany , Juan Arturo Nolazco Flores , Sumit Kumar Jha , Peyman Najafirad

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, interfacing with humans in numerous safety-critical applications. This necessitates improving capabilities, but importantly coupled with greater safety measures to align these models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Ujwal Narayan , Shreyas Chaudhari , Ashwin Kalyan , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Karthik Narasimhan , Ameet Deshpande , Vishvak Murahari

Safety lies at the core of the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). There is ample work on aligning LLMs with human ethics and preferences, including data filtering in pretraining, supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Wenxuan Wang , Jen-tse Huang , Pinjia He , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

We introduce Llama Guard, an LLM-based input-output safeguard model geared towards Human-AI conversation use cases. Our model incorporates a safety risk taxonomy, a valuable tool for categorizing a specific set of safety risks found in LLM…

The jailbreak attack can bypass the safety measures of a Large Language Model (LLM), generating harmful content. This misuse of LLM has led to negative societal consequences. Currently, there are two main approaches to address jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Zezhong Wang , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Hongru Wang , Liang Chen , Qingwei Lin , Kam-Fai Wong

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into robotic control pipelines enables natural language interfaces that translate user prompts into executable commands. However, this digital-to-physical interface introduces a critical and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mingyang Xie , Jin Wei-Kocsis

LLM coding agents now generate code at an unprecedented scale, yet LLM-generated code introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities into codebases without human involvement. Even when frontier models are explicitly asked to write secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Houjun Liu , Lisa Einstein , John Yang , Joachim Baumann , Duncan Eddy , Christopher D. Manning , Mykel Kochenderfer , Diyi Yang

As the popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) grow, combining model safety with utility becomes increasingly important. The challenge is making sure that LLMs can recognize and decline dangerous prompts without sacrificing their ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Ruchira Ray , Ruchi Bhalani

Prompt injection attacks, where untrusted data contains an injected prompt to manipulate the system, have been listed as the top security threat to LLM-integrated applications. Model-level prompt injection defenses have shown strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sizhe Chen , Arman Zharmagambetov , David Wagner , Chuan Guo

As large language models (LLMs) advance, ensuring AI safety and alignment is paramount. One popular approach is prompt guards, lightweight mechanisms designed to filter malicious queries while being easy to implement and update. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jaiden Fairoze , Sanjam Garg , Keewoo Lee , Mingyuan Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) empower embodied agents to execute complex instructions, yet they remain vulnerable to contextual safety risks where benign commands become hazardous due to subtle environmental states. Existing safeguards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xiaoya Lu , Yijin Zhou , Zeren Chen , Ruocheng Wang , Bingrui Sima , Enshen Zhou , Lu Sheng , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

The emergence of vibe coding, a paradigm where non-technical users instruct Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate executable codes via natural language, presents both significant opportunities and severe risks for the construction…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 S M Jamil Uddin

Large Language Models (LLMs) show growing promise in autonomous driving by reasoning over complex traffic scenarios to generate path plans. However, their tendencies toward overconfidence, and hallucinations raise critical safety concerns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Achref Doula , Max Mühlhäuser , Alejandro Sanchez Guinea

The Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being deployed in robotics to generate robot control programs for specific user tasks, enabling embodied intelligence. Existing methods primarily focus on LLM training and prompt design that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 ZhenDong Chen , ZhanShang Nie , ShiXing Wan , JunYi Li , YongTian Cheng , Shuai Zhao

Symbolic execution is an important software analysis technique which benefits downstream tasks such as software testing and debugging. However, several limitations hinder symbolic execution from application on real-world software. One of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenhan Wang , Kaibo Liu , Zeyu Sun , An Ran Chen , Ge Li , Gang Huang , Lei Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in code generation, making them increasingly important in the field. However, the security issues of generated code have not been fully addressed, and the usability of LLMs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shigang Liu , Bushra Sabir , Seung Ick Jang , Yuval Kansal , Yansong Gao , Kristen Moore , Alsharif Abuadbba , Surya Nepal

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings, the risk of generating harmful or toxic content remains a central challenge. Post-hoc alignment methods are brittle: once unsafe patterns are learned during…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial promise in enhancing task-planning capabilities within embodied agents due to their advanced reasoning and comprehension. However, the systemic safety of these agents remains an underexplored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting Huang , Leilei Ding , Zhipeng Tang , Tianfu Wang , Xinrui Lin , Wuyang Zhang , Mingxiao Ma , Yanyong Zhang