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Quantum error correction (QEC) will be essential to achieve the accuracy needed for quantum computers to realise their full potential. The field has seen promising progress with demonstrations of early QEC and real-time decoded experiments.…

There is considerable interest in finding conditions under which the quantum key distribution (QKD) propagation distances over fiber and secure key rate (SKR) are maximized for a given acceptable quantum bit error rate. One way to increase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-23 Michal Mlejnek , Nikolay A. Kaliteevskiy , Daniel A. Nolan

We introduce iQSync, a clock offset recovery method designed for implementation on low-level hardware, such as FPGAs or microcontrollers, for quantum key distribution (QKD). iQSync requires minimal memory, only a simple instruction set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Jan Krause , Nino Walenta , Jonas Hilt , Ronald Freund

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for communication with security guaranteed by quantum theory. The main theoretical problem in QKD is to calculate the secret key rate for a given protocol. Analytical formulas are known for protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 Patrick J. Coles , Eric M. Metodiev , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over long distances but must balance fidelity, delay, and resource contention. Prior work optimized throughput and end-to-end fidelity, yet little attention has been paid to the freshness of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ozgur Ercetin , Zafer Gedik

Quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent states is well known for its implementation simplicity, but it suffers from loss-dependent attacks based on optimal unambiguous state discrimination. Crucially, previous research has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Li Liu , Yukun Wang , Emilien Lavie , Arno Ricou , Chao Wang , Fen Zhuo Guo , Charles Ci Wen Lim

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an attractive solution for secure communication. However, channel disturbance severely limits its application when a QKD system is transfered from the laboratory to the field. Here, a high-speed…

Superconducting qubits, while promising for scalability and long coherence times, contain more than two energy levels, and therefore are susceptible to errors generated by the leakage of population outside of the computational subspace.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-23 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler

We consider how to forecast progress in the domain of quantum computing. For this purpose we collect a dataset of quantum computer systems to date, scored on their physical qubits and gate error rate, and we define an index combining both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Jaime Sevilla , C. Jess Riedel

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic protocol to enable two parties to share a secure key string, which can be used in one-time pad cryptosystem. There has been an ongoing surge of interest in implementing long-haul…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-22 Sourav Chatterjee , Kaumudibikash Goswami , Rishab Chatterjee , Urbasi Sinha

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary

Variations of phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (PM-MDI QKD) protocols have been investigated before, but it was recently discovered that this type of protocol (under the name of twin-field QKD) can beat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Jie Lin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD), a technology that enables perfectly secure communication, has evolved to the stage where many different protocols are being used in real-world implementations. Each protocol has its own advantages, meaning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-14 G. L. Roberts , M. Lucamarini , J. F. Dynes , S. J. Savory , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the distribution of high-fidelity maximally entangled Bell states, typically generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). In practical systems, unwanted relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ayan Kumar Nai , G. K. Samanta

In the last decade, quantum computing has grown from novel physics experiments with a few qubits to commercial systems with hundreds of qubits. As quantum computers continue to grow in qubit count, the classical control systems must scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Yilun Xu , Abhi D. Rajagopala , Neelay Fruitwala , Gang Huang

A feasible route towards implementing long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) systems relies on probabilistic schemes for entanglement distribution and swapping as proposed in the work of Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [Nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jeyran Amirloo , Mohsen Razavi , A. Hamed Majedi

The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) leverage signal variations that occur within the device as a source of entropy. On-chip instrumentation is utilized by some PUF architectures to measure and digitize these variations, which are then…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jim Plusquellic , Jennifer Howard , Ross MacKinnon , Kristianna Hoffman , Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou , Calvin Chan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises to revolutionize the field of security in communication, with applications ranging from state secrets to personal data, making it a key player in the ongoing battle against cyber threats.…

We study the effects of imperfections on the fidelity of the Toffoli gate recently realized in a circuit~QED setup using quantum control methods. The noise is introduced in the interqubits interactions. The coupling constants are no longer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-03 J. Khatibi Moqadam , Renato Portugal , N. F. Svaiter , G. O. Corrêa
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