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We present a unified gait-conditioned reinforcement learning framework that enables humanoid robots to perform standing, walking, running, and smooth transitions within a single recurrent policy. A compact reward routing mechanism…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tianhu Peng , Lingfan Bao , Chengxu Zhou

Robot multimodal locomotion encompasses the ability to transition between walking and flying, representing a significant challenge in robotics. This work presents an approach that enables automatic smooth transitions between legged and…

Achieving highly dynamic humanoid parkour on unseen, complex terrains remains a challenge in robotics. Although general locomotion policies demonstrate capabilities across broad terrain distributions, they often struggle with arbitrary and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shaoting Zhu , Baijun Ye , Jiaxuan Wang , Jiakang Chen , Ziwen Zhuang , Linzhan Mou , Runhan Huang , Hang Zhao

Animals are capable of precise and agile locomotion using vision. Replicating this ability has been a long-standing goal in robotics. The traditional approach has been to decompose this problem into elevation mapping and foothold planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ananye Agarwal , Ashish Kumar , Jitendra Malik , Deepak Pathak

Specifying rewards for reinforcement learned (RL) agents is challenging. Preference-based RL (PbRL) mitigates these challenges by inferring a reward from feedback over sets of trajectories. However, the effectiveness of PbRL is limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Mudit Verma , Katherine Metcalf

Accurate proprioceptive odometry is fundamental for legged robot navigation in GPS-denied and visually degraded environments where conventional visual odometry systems fail. Current approaches face critical limitations: analytical filtering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Changsheng Luo , Yushi Wang , Wenhan Cai , Mingguo Zhao

Data-driven learning based methods have recently been particularly successful at learning robust locomotion controllers for a variety of unstructured terrains. Prior work has shown that incorporating good locomotion priors in the form of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Shikha Surana , Bryan Lim , Antoine Cully

Recent advancements in legged robot perceptive locomotion have shown promising progress. However, terrain-aware humanoid locomotion remains largely constrained to two paradigms: depth image-based end-to-end learning and elevation map-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jingkai Sun , Gang Han , Pihai Sun , Wen Zhao , Jiahang Cao , Jiaxu Wang , Yijie Guo , Qiang Zhang

Extreme legged parkour demands rapid terrain assessment and precise foot placement under highly dynamic conditions. While recent learning-based systems achieve impressive agility, they remain fundamentally fragile to perceptual degradation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jialong Liu , Dehan Shen , Yanbo Wen , Zeyu Jiang , Changhao Chen

Robust humanoid stair climbing remains challenging due to geometric discontinuities, sensitivity to step height variations, and perception uncertainty in real-world environments. Existing learning-based locomotion policies often rely on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jianguo Zhang , Wentai Xu , Shusheng Ye , Yuxiang He , Weimin Qi , Qinbo Sun , Ning Ding , Liguang Zhou

Humans rarely plan whole-body interactions with objects at the level of explicit whole-body movements. High-level intentions, such as affordance, define the goal, while coordinated balance, contact, and manipulation can emerge naturally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Sirui Xu , Samuel Schulter , Morteza Ziyadi , Xialin He , Xiaohan Fei , Yu-Xiong Wang , Liangyan Gui

Multi-legged robots offer enhanced stability to navigate complex terrains with their multiple legs interacting with the environment. However, how to effectively coordinate the multiple legs in a larger action exploration space to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xin Liu , Jinze Wu , Yinghui Li , Chenkun Qi , Yufei Xue , Feng Gao

Traversing risky terrains with sparse footholds presents significant challenges for legged robots, requiring precise foot placement in safe areas. To acquire comprehensive exteroceptive information, prior studies have employed motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ruiqi Yu , Qianshi Wang , Yizhen Wang , Zhicheng Wang , Jun Wu , Qiuguo Zhu

This paper presents a framework that leverages both control theory and machine learning to obtain stable and robust bipedal locomotion without the need for manual parameter tuning. Traditionally, gaits are generated through trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Maegan Tucker , Noel Csomay-Shanklin , Wen-Loong Ma , Aaron D. Ames

Quadruped animals seamlessly transition between gaits as they change locomotion speeds. While the most widely accepted explanation for gait transitions is energy efficiency, there is no clear consensus on the determining factor, nor on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Milad Shafiee , Guillaume Bellegarda , Auke Ijspeert

We propose in this paper Periodic Interaction Primitives - a probabilistic framework that can be used to learn compact models of periodic behavior. Our approach extends existing formulations of Interaction Primitives to periodic movement…

This paper addresses the challenge of terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion in humanoid robots, a problem traditionally tackled by optimization-based methods or reinforcement learning (RL). Optimization-based methods, such as model-predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shangqun Yu , Nisal Perera , Daniel Marew , Donghyun Kim

Gait recognition is emerging as a promising technology and an innovative field within computer vision, with a wide range of applications in remote human identification. However, existing methods typically rely on complex architectures to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhengxian Wu , Chuanrui Zhang , Shenao Jiang , Hangrui Xu , Zirui Liao , Luyuan Zhang , Huaqiu Li , Peng Jiao , Haoqian Wang

Humanoid robots can, in principle, use their legs to go almost anywhere. Developing controllers capable of traversing diverse terrains, however, remains a considerable challenge. Classical controllers are hard to generalize broadly while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ilija Radosavovic , Sarthak Kamat , Trevor Darrell , Jitendra Malik

Existing studies for gait recognition primarily utilized sequences of either binary silhouette or human parsing to encode the shapes and dynamics of persons during walking. Silhouettes exhibit accurate segmentation quality and robustness to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jinkai Zheng , Xinchen Liu , Boyue Zhang , Chenggang Yan , Jiyong Zhang , Wu Liu , Yongdong Zhang