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Training embodied agents to understand 3D scenes as humans do requires large-scale data of people meaningfully interacting with diverse environments, yet such data is scarce. Real-world capture is costly and limited to controlled settings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Nikita Kister , Pradyumna YM , István Sárándi , Jiayi Wang , Anna Khoreva , Gerard Pons-Moll

The convergence of embodied agents and large language models (LLMs) has brought significant advancements to embodied instruction following. Particularly, the strong reasoning capabilities of LLMs make it possible for robots to perform…

3D simulated environments play a critical role in Embodied AI, but their creation requires expertise and extensive manual effort, restricting their diversity and scope. To mitigate this limitation, we present Holodeck, a system that…

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has illuminated the potential for a general-purpose user simulator. However, existing benchmarks remain constrained to isolated scenarios, narrow action spaces, or synthetic data, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiawei Chen , Ruoxi Xu , Boxi Cao , Ruotong Pan , Yunfei Zhang , Yifei Hu , Yong Du , Tingting Gao , Yaojie Lu , Yingfei Sun , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xiangyu Wu , Hongyu Lin

New era has unlocked exciting possibilities for extending Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle 3D vision-language tasks. However, most existing 3D multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) rely on compressing holistic 3D scene information or segmenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xiaoyan Wang , Zeju Li , Yifan Xu , Jiaxing Qi , Zhifei Yang , Ruifei Ma , Xiangde Liu , Chao Zhang

Constructing a physically realistic and accurately scaled simulated 3D world is crucial for the training and evaluation of embodied intelligence tasks. The diversity, realism, low cost accessibility and affordability of 3D data assets are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xinjie Wang , Liu Liu , Yu Cao , Ruiqi Wu , Wenkang Qin , Dehui Wang , Wei Sui , Zhizhong Su

We present MetaSpatial, the first reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework designed to enhance 3D spatial reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), enabling real-time 3D scene generation without the need for hard-coded optimizations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhenyu Pan , Han Liu

In recent years, 3D scene graphs have emerged as a powerful world representation, offering both geometric accuracy and semantic richness. Combining 3D scene graphs with large language models enables robots to reason, plan, and navigate in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdelrhman Werby , Dennis Rotondi , Fabio Scaparro , Kai O. Arras

We propose Text2Motion, a language-based planning framework enabling robots to solve sequential manipulation tasks that require long-horizon reasoning. Given a natural language instruction, our framework constructs both a task- and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kevin Lin , Christopher Agia , Toki Migimatsu , Marco Pavone , Jeannette Bohg

3D affordance reasoning, the task of associating human instructions with the functional regions of 3D objects, is a critical capability for embodied agents. Current methods based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) are fundamentally limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Di Li , Jie Feng , Jiahao Chen , Weisheng Dong , Guanbin Li , Yuhui Zheng , Mingtao Feng , Guangming Shi

Planning long-horizon manipulation motions using a set of predefined skills is a central challenge in robotics; solving it efficiently could enable general-purpose robots to tackle novel tasks by flexibly composing generic skills. Solutions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Itamar Mishani , Yorai Shaoul , Maxim Likhachev

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications requiring complex, long-horizon workflows. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on atomic tasks that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Weixuan Wang , Dongge Han , Daniel Madrigal Diaz , Jin Xu , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

There has been a growing adoption of computer vision tools and technologies in architectural design workflows over the past decade. Notable use cases include point cloud generation, visual content analysis, and spatial awareness for robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Demircan Tas , Rohit Priyadarshi Sanatani

We introduce WorldGen, a system that enables the automatic creation of large-scale, interactive 3D worlds directly from text prompts. Our approach transforms natural language descriptions into traversable, fully textured environments that…

Despite recent advances in multimodal content generation enabled by vision-language models (VLMs), their ability to reason about and generate structured 3D scenes remains largely underexplored. This limitation constrains their utility in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xinhang Liu , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

We present SemLayoutDiff, a unified model for synthesizing diverse 3D indoor scenes across multiple room types. The model introduces a scene layout representation combining a top-down semantic map and attributes for each object. Unlike…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiaohao Sun , Divyam Goel , Angel X. Chang

We address the task of converting a floorplan and a set of associated photos of a residence into a textured 3D mesh model, a task which we call Plan2Scene. Our system 1) lifts a floorplan image to a 3D mesh model; 2) synthesizes surface…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Madhawa Vidanapathirana , Qirui Wu , Yasutaka Furukawa , Angel X. Chang , Manolis Savva

Complex manipulation tasks require careful integration of symbolic reasoning and motion planning. This problem, commonly referred to as Task and Motion Planning (TAMP), is even more challenging if the workspace is non-static, e.g. due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Nicola Castaman , Enrico Pagello , Emanuele Menegatti , Alberto Pretto

Scene synthesis and editing has emerged as a promising direction in computer graphics. Current trained approaches for 3D indoor scene generation either oversimplify object semantics through one-hot class encodings (e.g., 'chair' or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Martin JJ. Bucher , Iro Armeni

Humans exhibit incredibly high levels of multi-modal understanding - combining visual cues with read, or heard knowledge comes easy to us and allows for very accurate interaction with the surrounding environment. Various simulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Michal Nazarczuk , Tony Ng , Krystian Mikolajczyk