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Long-term vertebral fractures severely affect the life quality of patients, causing kyphotic, lumbar deformity and even paralysis. Computed tomography (CT) is a common clinical examination to screen for this disease at early stages.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Xin Wei , Huaiwei Cong , Zheng Zhang , Junran Peng , Guoping Chen , Jinpeng Li

Foundation models have shown promise in medical imaging but remain underexplored for three-dimensional imaging modalities. No foundation model currently exists for Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT), despite its use for breast cancer…

Foundation models, large-scale, pre-trained deep-learning models adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks have gained significant interest lately in various deep-learning problems undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bobby Azad , Reza Azad , Sania Eskandari , Afshin Bozorgpour , Amirhossein Kazerouni , Islem Rekik , Dorit Merhof

Over the past decades, computer-aided diagnosis tools for breast cancer have been developed to enhance screening procedures, yet their clinical adoption remains challenged by data variability and inherent biases. Although foundation models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Elodie Germani , Ilayda Selin Türk , Fatima Zeineddine , Charbel Mourad , Shadi Albarqouni

Medical image segmentation supports clinical workflows by precisely delineating anatomical structures and lesions. However, medical image datasets medical image datasets suffer from acquisition noise and annotation ambiguity, causing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruiyang Li , Fang Liu , Licheng Jiao , Xinglin Xie , Jiayao Hao , Shuo Li , Xu Liu , Jingyi Yang , Lingling Li , Puhua Chen , Wenping Ma

Radiologists routinely detect and size lesions in CT to stage cancer and assess tumor burden. To potentially aid their efforts, multiple lesion detection algorithms have been developed with a large public dataset called DeepLesion (32,735…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Peter D. Erickson , Tejas Sudharshan Mathai , Ronald M. Summers

Deep learning-based low-dose computed tomography reconstruction methods already achieve high performance on standard image quality metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure. Yet, they frequently fail to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Necati Sefercioglu , Mehmet Ozan Unal , Metin Ertas , Isa Yildirim

Automated diagnosis from chest CT has improved considerably with deep learning, but models trained on skewed datasets tend to perform unevenly across patient demographics. However, the situation is worse than simple demographic bias. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Justin Li , Daniel Ding , Asmita Yuki Pritha , Aryana Hou , Xin Wang , Shu Hu

We present a methodology for training foundational transformer models capable of processing collider data with diverse kinematic signatures. Our universal foundation model is designed for simultaneous analysis of all processes involving…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-13 E. Abasov , L. Dudko , E. Iudin , A. Markina , P. Volkov , M. Perfilov , A. Zaborenko

Clinical use of finite element analysis requires validation and reproducibility studies. The current study compared two models of vertebral bodies including endplates, on the same experimental dataset and evaluated the influence of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-15 V. Allard , C. Heidsieck , F. Bermond , C. Confavreux , C. Travert , L. Gajny , 3 , W. Skalli , D. Mitton , H. Follet

Accurate identification and localization of anatomical structures of varying size and appearance in laparoscopic imaging are necessary to leverage the potential of computer vision techniques for surgical decision support. Segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Fiona R. Kolbinger , Jiangpeng He , Jinge Ma , Fengqing Zhu

The success of precision medicine requires computational models that can effectively process and interpret diverse physiological signals across heterogeneous patient populations. While foundation models have demonstrated remarkable transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Matthias Christenson , Cove Geary , Brian Locke , Pranav Koirala , Warren Woodrich Pettine

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant global health burden and are a leading cause of disability worldwide. While MRI is essential for accurate diagnosis, its interpretation remains exceptionally challenging. Radiologists must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Tian Lan , Lei Xu , Zimu Yuan , Shanggui Liu , Jiajun Liu , Jiaxin Liu , Weilai Xiang , Hongyu Yang , Dong Jiang , Jianxin Yin , Dingyu Wang

Tabular foundation models with different architectures converge in accuracy across a range of classification and regression tasks. This raises questions a leaderboard cannot answer: (i) whether the models execute the same in-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Marin Biloš , James T. Wilson , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka

Purpose: This study evaluated the out-of-domain performance and generalization capabilities of automated medical image segmentation models, with a particular focus on adaptation to new image acquisitions and disease type. Materials:…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-28 Timothy L. Kline , Sumana Ramanathan , Harrison C. Gottlich , Panagiotis Korfiatis , Adriana V. Gregory

Artificial intelligence applied to retinal images offers significant potential for recognizing signs and symptoms of retinal conditions and expediting the diagnosis of eye diseases and systemic disorders. However, developing generalized…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-19 Boa Jang , Youngbin Ahn , Eun Kyung Choe , Chang Ki Yoon , Hyuk Jin Choi , Young-Gon Kim

Segmentation of abdominal computed tomography(CT) provides spatial context, morphological properties, and a framework for tissue-specific radiomics to guide quantitative Radiological assessment. A 2015 MICCAI challenge spurred substantial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-12 Yuchen Xu , Olivia Tang , Yucheng Tang , Ho Hin Lee , Yunqiang Chen , Dashan Gao , Shizhong Han , Riqiang Gao , Michael R. Savona , Richard G. Abramson , Yuankai Huo , Bennett A. Landman

Reliable uncertainty calibration is essential for safely deploying deep neural networks in high-stakes applications. Deep neural networks are known to exhibit systematic overconfidence, especially under distribution shifts. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Achim Hekler , Lukas Kuhn , Florian Buettner

Conformal prediction constructs a set of labels instead of a single point prediction, while providing a probabilistic coverage guarantee. Beyond the coverage guarantee, adaptiveness to example difficulty is an important property. It means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sooyong Jang , Insup Lee

Advancements in artificial intelligence have driven the development of numerous pathology foundation models capable of extracting clinically relevant information. However, there is currently limited literature independently evaluating these…