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Visual speech recognition (VSR), which decodes spoken words from video data, offers significant benefits, particularly when audio is unavailable. However, the high dimensionality of video data leads to prohibitive computational costs that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Iason Ioannis Panagos , Giorgos Sfikas , Christophoros Nikou

In recent years, the introduction of neural networks (NNs) into the field of speech enhancement has brought significant improvements. However, many of the proposed methods are quite demanding in terms of computational complexity and memory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-19 Ernst Seidel , Pejman Mowlaee , Tim Fingscheidt

Speech tokenizers serve as foundational components for speech language models, yet current designs exhibit several limitations, including: 1) dependence on multi-layer residual vector quantization structures or high frame rates, 2) reliance…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuancheng Wang , Dekun Chen , Xueyao Zhang , Junan Zhang , Jiaqi Li , Zhizheng Wu

Prior works have demonstrated zero-shot text-to-speech by using a generative language model on audio tokens obtained via a neural audio codec. It is still challenging, however, to adapt them to low-latency scenarios. In this paper, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Trung Dang , David Aponte , Dung Tran , Kazuhito Koishida

Non-reference speech quality models are important for a growing number of applications. The VoiceMOS 2022 challenge provided a dataset of synthetic voice conversion and text-to-speech samples with subjective labels. This study looks at the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Michael Chinen , Jan Skoglund , Chandan K A Reddy , Alessandro Ragano , Andrew Hines

Recent advancements in large video-language models have revolutionized video understanding tasks. However, their efficiency is significantly constrained by processing high volumes of visual tokens. Existing token compression strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xiangchen Wang , Jinrui Zhang , Teng Wang , Haigang Zhang , Feng Zheng

Neural audio codecs (NACs) have made significant advancements in recent years and are rapidly being adopted in many audio processing pipelines. However, they can introduce audio distortions which degrade speaker verification (SV)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Nirmalya Mallick Thakur , Jia Qi Yip , Eng Siong Chng

With the rise of multimodal large language models (LLMs), audio codec plays an increasingly vital role in encoding audio into discrete tokens, enabling integration of audio into text-based LLMs. Current audio codec captures two types of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ruifan Deng , Yitian Gong , Qinghui Gao , Luozhijie Jin , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhaoye Fei , Shimin Li , Xipeng Qiu

We introduce a practical real-time neural video codec (NVC) designed to deliver high compression ratio, low latency and broad versatility. In practice, the coding speed of NVCs depends on 1) computational costs, and 2) non-computational…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Zhaoyang Jia , Bin Li , Jiahao Li , Wenxuan Xie , Linfeng Qi , Houqiang Li , Yan Lu

Neural codecs have demonstrated strong performance in high-fidelity compression of audio signals at low bitrates. The token-based representations produced by these codecs have proven particularly useful for generative modeling. While much…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Patrick O'Reilly , Prem Seetharaman , Jiaqi Su , Zeyu Jin , Bryan Pardo

Neural Audio Codecs, initially designed as a compression technique, have gained more attention recently for speech generation. Codec models represent each audio frame as a sequence of tokens, i.e., discrete embeddings. The discrete and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-31 Alexander H. Liu , Qirui Wang , Yuan Gong , James Glass

This work introduces TTS-Transducer - a novel architecture for text-to-speech, leveraging the strengths of audio codec models and neural transducers. Transducers, renowned for their superior quality and robustness in speech recognition, are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Vladimir Bataev , Subhankar Ghosh , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Jason Li

While recent neural sequence-to-sequence models have greatly improved the quality of speech synthesis, there has not been a system capable of fast training, fast inference and high-quality audio synthesis at the same time. We propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Jan Vainer , Ondřej Dušek

Real-time speech synthesis requires balancing inference latency and acoustic fidelity for interactive applications. Conventional continuous text-to-speech pipelines require computationally intensive neural vocoders to reconstruct phase…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Tianhui Su , Tien-Ping Tan , Salima Mdhaffar , Yannick Estève , Aghilas Sini

We introduce a method to identify speakers by computing with high-dimensional random vectors. Its strengths are simplicity and speed. With only 1.02k active parameters and a 128-minute pass through the training data we achieve Top-1 and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Ping-Chen Huang , Denis Kleyko , Jan M. Rabaey , Bruno A. Olshausen , Pentti Kanerva

Neural audio coding has emerged as a vivid research direction by promising good audio quality at very low bitrates unachievable by classical coding techniques. Here, end-to-end trainable autoencoder-like models represent the state of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Andreas Brendel , Nicola Pia , Kishan Gupta , Lyonel Behringer , Guillaume Fuchs , Markus Multrus

Audio and speech coding lack unified evaluation and open-source testing. Many candidate systems were evaluated on proprietary, non-reproducible, or small data, and machine learning-based codecs are often tested on datasets with similar…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Jozef Coldenhoff , Niclas Granqvist , Milos Cernak

Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) has become a dominant approach in neural speech and audio coding, providing high-fidelity compression. However, speech coding presents additional challenges due to real-world noise, which degrades…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunkee Chae , Kyogu Lee

Integrating audio comprehension and generation into large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the continuous nature of audio and the resulting high sampling rates. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines Variational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-31 Shivam Mehta , Nebojsa Jojic , Hannes Gamper

We present ConvoCache, a conversational caching system that solves the problem of slow and expensive generative AI models in spoken chatbots. ConvoCache finds a semantically similar prompt in the past and reuses the response. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Conor Atkins , Ian Wood , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Hassan Asghar , Nardine Basta , Michal Kepkowski