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The Schur-Horn theorem is a well-known result that characterizes the relationship between the diagonal elements and eigenvalues of a symmetric (Hermitian) matrix. In this paper, we extend this theorem by exploring the eigenvalue…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Hengzhun Chen , Yingzhou Li

We in this paper study the hermiticity of Hamiltonian and energy spectrum for the SU(1; 1) systems. The Hermitian Hamiltonian can possess imaginary eigenvalues in contrast with the common belief that hermiticity is a suffcient condition for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Ni Liu , Meng Luo , J. -Q. Liang

We study intertwining relations for matrix one-dimensional, in general, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians by matrix differential operators of arbitrary order. It is established that for any matrix intertwining operator Q_N^- of minimal order N…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-18 Andrey V. Sokolov

In this paper, we derive new relative perturbation bounds for eigenvectors and eigenvalues for regular quadratic eigenvalue problems of the form $\lambda^2 M x + \lambda C x + K x = 0$, where $M$ and $K$ are nonsingular Hermitian matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Peter Benner , Xin Liang , Suzana Miodragović , Ninoslav Truhar

We propose a new algebraic formalism for constructing complex non-Hermitian $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric superpartners by extending a conventional shape-invariant superpotential into the complex domain. The resulting potential is an unbroken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Taha Koohrokhi , Sehban Kartal , Ali Mohammadi

We explore the concept of eigenvalue avoidance, which is well understood for real symmetric and Hermitian matrices, for other classes of structured matrices. We adopt a differential geometric perspective and study the generic behaviour of…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Yuji Nakatsukasa , Vanni Noferini

Symmetrizable matrices are those which are symmetric when multiplied by a diagonal matrix with positive entries. The Cauchy interlace theorem states that the eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix interlace with those of any principal…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Said Kouachi

We review the well-known Hellmann Feynman Theorem (HFT), originally developed for Hermitian systems to facilitate the calculation of forces among the molecules. Our work extends this foundational theorem to the domain of non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Gaurav Hajong , Bhabani Prasad Mandal

Cauchy's interlace theorem states that the characteristic polynomial of a symmetric matrix is interlaced by the characteristic polynomial of any principle submatrix. We prove this in two sentences using only the linearity of the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Steve Fisk

In most introductory courses on quantum mechanics one is taught that the Hamiltonian operator must be Hermitian in order that the energy levels be real and that the theory be unitary (probability conserving). To express the Hermiticity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Carl M. Bender

We study certain linear and antilinear symmetry generators and involution operators associated with pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians and show that the theory of pseudo-Hermitian operators provides a simple explanation for the recent results of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ali Mostafazadeh

In this paper, some more properties of the generalized principal pivot transform are derived. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality between Moore-Penrose inverse of a generalized principal pivot transform and its…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-13 K. Kamaraj , P. Sam Johnson , Sachin Manjunath Naik

We consider a product of an arbitrary number of independent rectangular Gaussian random matrices. We derive the mean densities of its eigenvalues and singular values in the thermodynamic limit, eventually verified numerically. These…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-06-28 Z. Burda , A. Jarosz , G. Livan , M. A. Nowak , A. Swiech

We investigate the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse and generalized inverse of a matrix product $A=CR$ to establish a unifying framework for generalized and randomized matrix inverses. This analysis is rooted in first principles, focusing on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Michał P. Karpowicz , Gilbert Strang

Unitarity is a cornerstone of quantum theory, ensuring the conservation of probability and information. Although non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are typically associated with open or dissipative systems, pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics shows…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Ruifeng Leng , Cheng-Yang Lee , Siyi Zhou

The multiplication theorem for univariate Hermite polynomials $H_k(\lambda x)$ is well-known. In this paper we generalize this result to multivariate Hermite polynomials ${\rm H}_{\bf k}({\mathbf{\Lambda}}{\bf x};{\mathbf{\Sigma}})$, and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-29 Alistair Shilton

For the two-parameter $p,q$-deformed Heisenberg algebra introduced recently and in which, instead of usual commutator of $X$ and $P$ in the l.h.s. of basic relation $[X,P] = {\rm i}\hbar$, one uses the $p,q$-commutator, we established…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 Alexandre M. Gavrilik , Ivan I. Kachurik

The product of a complex skew-symmetric matrix and its conjugate transpose is a positive semi-definite Hermitian matrix with nonnegative eigenvalues, with a property that each distinct positive eigenvalue has even multiplicity. This…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Liqun Qi , Ziyan Luo

We analyze a class of non-Hermitian quadratic Hamiltonians, which are of the form $ H = {\cal{A}}^{\dagger} {\cal{A}} + \alpha {\cal{A}} ^2 + \beta {\cal{A}}^{\dagger 2} $, where $ \alpha, \beta $ are real constants, with $ \alpha \neq…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Sinha , P. Roy

In this paper we continue studying of matrix $n\times n$ linear differential intertwining operators. The problems of minimization and of reducibility of matrix intertwining operators are considered and criterions of weak minimizability and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-01-01 Andrey V. Sokolov