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Recent deep learning models can efficiently combine inputs from different modalities (e.g., images and text) and learn to align their latent representations, or to translate signals from one domain to another (as in image captioning, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Benjamin Devillers , Léopold Maytié , Rufin VanRullen

Multimodal learning, which integrates data from diverse sensory modes, plays a pivotal role in artificial intelligence. However, existing multimodal learning methods often struggle with challenges where some modalities appear more dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Xiaohui Zhang , Jaehong Yoon , Mohit Bansal , Huaxiu Yao

Joint audio-visual reasoning is essential for omnimodal understanding, yet current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle when reasoning requires fine-grained evidence from both modalities. A central limitation is that…

Language models are often said to face a symbol grounding problem. While some have argued the problem can be solved without resort to other modalities, many have speculated that grounded learning is more efficient. We explore this question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinyi Chen , Yifei Yuan , Jiaang Li , Serge Belongie , Maarten de Rijke , Anders Søgaard

Omni-modal large language models (OLLMs) aim to unify audio, vision, and text understanding within a single framework. While existing benchmarks primarily evaluate general cross-modal question-answering ability, it remains unclear whether…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xingrui Wang , Jiang Liu , Chao Huang , Xiaodong Yu , Ze Wang , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Alan Yuille , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu

Multimodal learning, especially large-scale multimodal pre-training, has developed rapidly over the past few years and led to the greatest advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Despite its effectiveness, understanding the underlying…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Haoyu Lu , Qiongyi Zhou , Nanyi Fei , Zhiwu Lu , Mingyu Ding , Jingyuan Wen , Changde Du , Xin Zhao , Hao Sun , Huiguang He , Ji-Rong Wen

Learning multimodal representations involves integrating information from multiple heterogeneous sources of data. It is a challenging yet crucial area with numerous real-world applications in multimedia, affective computing, robotics,…

Sampling of a spatiotemporal field for environmental sensing is of interest. Traditionally, a few fixed stations or sampling locations aid in the reconstruction of the spatial field. Recently, there has been an interest in mobile sensing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Sudeep Salgia , Animesh Kumar

Multimodal learning combines information from multiple data modalities to improve predictive performance. However, modalities often contribute unequally and in a data dependent way, making it unclear which data modalities are genuinely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Mathew Chandy , Michael Johnson , Judong Shen , Devan V. Mehrotra , Hua Zhou , Jin Zhou , Xiaowu Dai

The natural world is abundant with concepts expressed via visual, acoustic, tactile, and linguistic modalities. Much of the existing progress in multimodal learning, however, focuses primarily on problems where the same set of modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Paul Pu Liang , Peter Wu , Liu Ziyin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Multimodal representation learning has demonstrated remarkable potential in enabling models to process and integrate diverse data modalities, such as text and images, for improved understanding and performance. While the medical domain can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shuvendu Roy , Franklin Ogidi , Ali Etemad , Elham Dolatabadi , Arash Afkanpour

Accurate and timely prediction of tool conditions is critical for intelligent manufacturing systems, where unplanned tool failures can lead to quality degradation and production downtime. In modern industrial environments, predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ziqi Wang , Hailiang Zhao , Yuhao Yang , Daojiang Hu , Cheng Bao , Mingyi Liu , Kai Di , Schahram Dustdar , Zhongjie Wang , Shuiguang Deng

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) achieve strong performance in both understanding and generation by learning a shared latent space, yet they often exhibit functional inconsistency between these two capabilities. We observe that this issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yinyi Luo , Wenwen Wang , Hayes Bai , Marios Savvides , Jindong Wang

Multimodal sentiment analysis aims to effectively integrate information from various sources to infer sentiment, where in many cases there are no annotations for unimodal labels. Therefore, most works rely on multimodal labels for training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Sijie Mai , Yu Zhao , Ying Zeng , Jianhua Yao , Haifeng Hu

Multimodal learning is defined as learning over multiple heterogeneous input modalities such as video, audio, and text. In this work, we are concerned with understanding how models behave as the type of modalities differ between training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Brandon McKinzie , Joseph Cheng , Vaishaal Shankar , Yinfei Yang , Jonathon Shlens , Alexander Toshev

Comprehensive visual, geometric, and semantic understanding of a 3D scene is crucial for successful execution of robotic tasks, especially in unstructured and complex environments. Additionally, to make robust decisions, it is necessary for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Christian Maurer , Snehal Jauhri , Sophie Lueth , Georgia Chalvatzaki

Multimodal learning enhances the performance of various machine learning tasks by leveraging complementary information across different modalities. However, existing methods often learn multimodal representations that retain substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Tong Zhang , Shu Shen , C. L. Philip Chen

We present OmniBooth, an image generation framework that enables spatial control with instance-level multi-modal customization. For all instances, the multimodal instruction can be described through text prompts or image references. Given a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Leheng Li , Weichao Qiu , Xu Yan , Jing He , Kaiqiang Zhou , Yingjie Cai , Qing Lian , Bingbing Liu , Ying-Cong Chen

Multi-modal industrial anomaly detection typically relies on separate models for each product category, fundamentally limiting practical scalability. When shifting to a unified paradigm that handles diverse classes simultaneously, detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yangchen Wu , Huiqiang Xie

Multimodal data encountered in real-world scenarios are typically of low quality, with noisy modalities and missing modalities being typical forms that severely hinder model performance and robustness. However, prior works often handle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sijie Mai , Shiqin Han , Haifeng Hu