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Multimodal learning, which aims to understand and analyze information from multiple modalities, has achieved substantial progress in the supervised regime in recent years. However, the heavy dependence on data paired with expensive human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Yongshuo Zong , Oisin Mac Aodha , Timothy Hospedales

One of the key factors of enabling machine learning models to comprehend and solve real-world tasks is to leverage multimodal data. Unfortunately, annotation of multimodal data is challenging and expensive. Recently, self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Elad Amrani , Rami Ben-Ari , Daniel Rotman , Alex Bronstein

Brain foundation models have achieved remarkable advances across a wide range of neuroscience tasks. However, most existing models are limited to a single functional modality, restricting their ability to exploit complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hanning Guo , Hanwen Bi , Farah Abdellatif , Andrei Galbenus , Jon. N. Shah , Abigail Morrison , Jürgen Dammers

Recent multimodal systems often rely on separate expert modality encoders which cause linearly scaling complexity and computational overhead with added modalities. While unified Omni-models address this via Mixture-of-Expert (MoE)…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kin Wai Lau , Yasar Abbas Ur Rehman , Lai-Man Po , Pedro Porto Buarque de Gusmão

Multimodal learning leverages complementary information derived from different modalities, thereby enhancing performance in medical image segmentation. However, prevailing multimodal learning methods heavily rely on extensive well-annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaogen Zhou , Yiyou Sun , Min Deng , Winnie Chiu Wing Chu , Qi Dou

Most testbeds for omni-modal models assess multimodal understanding via textual outputs, leaving it unclear whether these models can properly speak their answers. To study this, we introduce OmniACBench, a benchmark for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Seunghee Kim , Bumkyu Park , Kyudan Jung , Joosung Lee , Soyoon Kim , Jeonghoon Kim , Taeuk Kim , Hwiyeol Jo

Multi-modal co-learning is emerging as an effective paradigm in machine learning, enabling models to collaboratively learn from different modalities to enhance single-modality predictions. Earth Observation (EO) represents a quintessential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Francisco Mena , Dino Ienco , Cassio F. Dantas , Roberto Interdonato , Andreas Dengel

Multimodal learning often grapples with the challenge of low-quality data, which predominantly manifests as two facets: modality imbalance and noisy corruption. While these issues are often studied in isolation, we argue that they share a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xun Jiang , Yufan Gu , Disen Hu , Yuqing Hou , Yazhou Yao , Fumin Shen , Heng Tao Shen , Xing Xu

Advancing machine intelligence requires developing the ability to perceive across multiple modalities, much as humans sense the world. We introduce OmniVinci, an initiative to build a strong, open-source, omni-modal LLM. We carefully study…

Representation Learning is a significant and challenging task in multimodal learning. Effective modality representations should contain two parts of characteristics: the consistency and the difference. Due to the unified multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Wenmeng Yu , Hua Xu , Ziqi Yuan , Jiele Wu

Multimodal learning is a rapidly growing research field that has revolutionized multitasking and generative modeling in AI. While much of the research has focused on dealing with unstructured data (e.g., language, images, audio, or video),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Marco D Alessandro , Enrique Calabrés , Mikel Elkano

Multimodal Contrastive Learning (MCL) advances in aligning different modalities and generating multimodal representations in a joint space. By leveraging contrastive learning across diverse modalities, large-scale multimodal data enhances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xiaohao Liu , Xiaobo Xia , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent advances in omni-modal large language models have enabled remarkable progress in joint vision-audio understanding. However, prevailing architectures rely on modality-specific encoders with a \emph{video-coarse, audio-dense} design --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Detao Bai , Shimin Yao , Weixuan Chen , Chengen Lai , Yuanming Li , Zhiheng Ma , Xihan Wei

Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs) that process text, images, videos, and audio introduce new challenges for safety and value guardrails in human-AI interaction. Prior guardrail research largely targets unimodal settings and typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Boyu Zhu , Xiaofei Wen , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Tinghui Zhu , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Muhao Chen

The rapid advancement of autonomous systems, including self-driving vehicles and drones, has intensified the need to forge true Spatial Intelligence from multi-modal onboard sensor data. While foundation models excel in single-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Xiaolu Liu , Hao Shi , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Steven C. H. Hoi

Multimodal learning assumes all modality combinations of interest are available during training to learn cross-modal correspondences. In this paper, we challenge this modality-complete assumption for multimodal learning and instead strive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunhua Zhang , Hazel Doughty , Cees G. M. Snoek

Understanding and predicting microstructure evolution is fundamental to materials science, as it governs the resulting properties and performance of materials. Traditional simulation methods, such as phase-field models, offer high-fidelity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Michael Trimboli , Mohammed Alsubaie , Sirani M. Perera , Ke-Gang Wang , Xianqi Li

Lineart colorization is a critical stage in professional content creation, yet achieving precise and flexible results under diverse user constraints remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose OmniColor, a unified framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xulu Zhang , Haoqian Du , Xiaoyong Wei , Qing Li

Multi-modal pre-training and knowledge discovery are two important research topics in multi-modal machine learning. Nevertheless, none of existing works make attempts to link knowledge discovery with knowledge guided multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zhihao Fan , Zhongyu Wei , Jingjing Chen , Siyuan Wang , Zejun Li , Jiarong Xu , Xuanjing Huang

Multimodal learning has demonstrated remarkable performance improvements over unimodal architectures. However, multimodal learning methods often exhibit deteriorated performances if one or more modalities are missing. This may be attributed…