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A current trend in HPC systems is the utilization of architectures with SIMD or vector extensions to exploit data parallelism. There are several ways to take advantage of such modern vector architectures, each with a different impact on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Marc Blancafort , Roger Ferrer , Guillaume Houzeaux , Marta Garcia-Gasulla , Filippo Mantovani

The recent exponential growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has relied on GPU-based systems. However, CPUs are emerging as a flexible and lower-cost alternative, especially when targeting inference and reasoning workloads. RISC-V is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Javier J. Poveda Rodrigo , Mohamed Amine Ahmdi , Alessio Burrello , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Luca Benini

This paper describes our experience implementing a Hypervisor extension for a 64-bit RISC-V processor. We describe the design process and the main required parts with a brief explanation of each one.

Security in modern RISC-V processors demands more than functional correctness: It requires resilience to side-channel attacks. This paper evaluates the vulnerability of the side channel of the CVA6 RISC-V core by analyzing software-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Behnam Farnaghinejad , Antonio Porsia , Annachiara Ruospo , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Ernesto Sanchez

While posit format offers superior dynamic range and accuracy for transprecision computing, its adoption in RISC-V processors is hindered by the lack of a unified solution for lightweight, precision-scalable, and IEEE-754 arithmetic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qiong Li , Chao Fang , Longwei Huang , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

Transformer-based foundation models have become crucial for various domains, most notably natural language processing (NLP) or computer vision (CV). These models are predominantly deployed on high-performance GPUs or hardwired accelerators…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Viviane Potocnik , Luca Colagrande , Tim Fischer , Luca Bertaccini , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Alessio Burrello , Luca Benini

Flexible Electronics (FE) technology offers uniquecharacteristics in electronic manufacturing, providing ultra-low-cost, lightweight, and environmentally-friendly alternatives totraditional rigid electronics. These characteristics enable a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Polykarpos Vergos , Theofanis Vergos , Florentia Afentaki , Konstantinos Balaskas , Georgios Zervakis

The widespread diffusion of compute-intensive edge-AI workloads and the stringent demands of modern autonomous systems require advanced heterogeneous embedded architectures. Such architectures must support high-performance and reliable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Enrico Zelioli , Alessandro Ottaviano , Robert Balas , Nils Wistoff , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Computation intensive kernels, such as convolutions, matrix multiplication and Fourier transform, are fundamental to edge-computing AI, signal processing and cryptographic applications. Interleaved-Multi-Threading (IMT) processor cores are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Abdallah Cheikh , Stefano Sordillo , Antonio Mastrandrea , Francesco Menichelli , Giuseppe Scotti , Mauro Olivieri

Single-issue processor cores are very energy efficient but suffer from the von Neumann bottleneck, in that they must explicitly fetch and issue the loads/storse necessary to feed their ALU/FPU. Each instruction spent on moving data is a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Fabian Schuiki , Florian Zaruba , Torsten Hoefler , Luca Benini

In this work, we introduce a platform for register-transfer level (RTL) architecture design space exploration. The platform is an open-source, parameterized, synthesizable set of RTL modules for designing RISC-V based single and multi-core…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Sahan Bandara , Alan Ehret , Donato Kava , Michel A. Kinsy

Sparse-dense linear algebra is crucial in many domains, but challenging to handle efficiently on CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators alike; multiplications with sparse formats like CSR and CSF require indirect memory lookups. In this work, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Paul Scheffler , Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Torsten Hoefler , Luca Benini

The complexity of automotive systems is increasing quickly due to the integration of novel functionalities such as assisted or autonomous driving. However, increasing complexity poses considerable challenges to the automotive supply chain…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Luca Cuomo , Claudio Scordino , Alessandro Ottaviano , Nils Wistoff , Robert Balas , Luca Benini , Errico Guidieri , Ida Maria Savino

This paper presents SynapticCore-X, a modular and resource-efficient neural processing architecture optimized for deployment on low-cost FPGA platforms. The design integrates a lightweight RV32IMC RISC-V control core with a configurable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Arya Parameshwara

Gaussian processes are widely used in machine learning domains but remain computationally demanding, limiting their efficient scalability across emerging hardware platforms. The GPRat library addresses these challenges using the HPX…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alexander Strack , Patrick Diehl , Dirk Pflüger

Neural networks are increasingly used in real-time systems, such as automated driving applications. This requires high-performance hardware with predictable timing behavior. State-of-the-art real-time hardware is limited in memory and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Maximilian Kirschner , Konstantin Dudzik , Jürgen Becker

The Sophon SG2042 is the world's first commodity 64-core RISC-V CPU for high performance workloads and an important question is whether the SG2042 has the potential to encourage the HPC community to embrace RISC-V. In this paper we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Nick Brown , Maurice Jamieson , Joseph Lee , Paul Wang

This paper presents an extension to an existing instruction set architecture, which gains considerable reduction in power consumption. The reduction in power consumption is achieved through coding of the most commonly executed instructions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Bobby Sleeba , Mikael Collin , Mats Brorsson

With the growing demands of consumer electronic products, the computational requirements are increasing exponentially. Due to the applications' computational needs, the computer architects are trying to pack as many cores as possible on a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Farhad Merchant , Dominik Sisejkovic , Lennart M. Reimann , Kirthihan Yasotharan , Thomas Grass , Rainer Leupers

Why do security cameras, sensors, and siri use cloud servers instead of on-board computation? The lack of very-low-power, high-performance chips greatly limits the ability to field untethered edge devices. We present the NV-1, a new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-01 W Hokenmaier , R Jurasek , E Bowen , R Granger , D Odom