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With fully automated driving systems (ADS; SAE level 4) ride-hailing services expanding in the US, we are now approaching an inflection point, where the process of retrospectively evaluating ADS safety impact can start to yield…

As a potential application of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, multi-agent collaborative perception has achieved significant success in 3D object detection. While these methods have demonstrated impressive results on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jingyu Zhang , Yilei Wang , Lang Qian , Peng Sun , Zengwen Li , Sudong Jiang , Maolin Liu , Liang Song

The ability to autonomously navigate safely, especially within dynamic environments, is paramount for mobile robotics. In recent years, DRL approaches have shown superior performance in dynamic obstacle avoidance. However, these…

Motion planning is a fundamental problem in autonomous driving and perhaps the most challenging to comprehensively evaluate because of the associated risks and expenses of real-world deployment. Therefore, simulations play an important role…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Montgomery Alban , Ehsan Ahmadi , Randy Goebel , Amir Rasouli

Safety-critical corner cases, difficult to collect in the real world, are crucial for evaluating end-to-end autonomous driving. Adversarial interaction is an effective method to generate such safety-critical corner cases. While existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaheng Geng , Jiatong Du , Xinyu Zhang , Ye Li , Panqu Wang , Yanjun Huang

Future autonomous systems promise significant societal benefits, yet their deployment raises concerns about safety and trustworthiness. A key concern is assuring the reliability of robot perception, as perception seeds safe decision-making.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Troi Williams

While deep learning has significantly advanced accident anticipation, the robustness of these safety-critical systems against real-world perturbations remains a major challenge. We reveal that state-of-the-art models like CRASH, despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Wenjing Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Songning Lai

The last decade's research in artificial intelligence had a significant impact on the advance of autonomous driving. Yet, safety remains a major concern when it comes to deploying such systems in high-risk environments. The objective of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Charles Corbière

Autonomous cars have to navigate in dynamic environment which can be full of uncertainties. The uncertainties can come either from sensor limitations such as occlusions and limited sensor range, or from probabilistic prediction of other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Liting Sun , Wei Zhan , Ching-Yao Chan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Autonomous driving technology has drawn a lot of attention due to its fast development and extremely high commercial values. The recent technological leap of autonomous driving can be primarily attributed to the progress in the environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Jindi Zhang

Understanding mid-level road semantics, which capture the structural and contextual cues that link low-level perception to high-level planning, is essential for reliable autonomous driving and digital map construction. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xiyan Liu , Han Wang , Yuhu Wang , Junjie Cai , Zhe Cao , Jianzhong Yang , Zhen Lu

Data for training learning-enabled self-driving cars in the physical world are typically collected in a safe, normal environment. Such data distribution often engenders a strong bias towards safe driving, making self-driving cars unprepared…

Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) is a core perception capability for autonomous driving, where robustness to cross-region variation, long-tailed categories, and semantic ambiguity is essential for reliable real-world deployment. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Guoyang Zhao , Weiqing Qi , Kai Zhang , Chenguang Zhang , Zeying Gong , Zhihai Bi , Kai Chen , Benshan Ma , Ming Liu , Jun Ma

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is the key requisite for their acceptance in society. This complexity is the core challenge in formally proving their safety conditions with AI-based black-box controllers and surrounding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Tsutomu Kobayashi , Martin Bondu , Fuyuki Ishikawa

Perceiving the complex driving environment precisely is crucial to the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. With the tremendous advancement of deep learning and communication technology, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) collaboration has the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 An Guo , Xinyu Gao , Zhenyu Chen , Yuan Xiao , Jiakai Liu , Xiuting Ge , Weisong Sun , Chunrong Fang

As a part of the digital transformation, we interact with more and more intelligent gadgets. Today, these gadgets are often mobile devices, but in the advent of smart cities, more and more infrastructure---such as traffic and buildings---in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Francesco Concas , Jukka K. Nurminen , Tommi Mikkonen , Sasu Tarkoma

Developing autonomous driving systems for complex traffic environments requires balancing multiple objectives, such as avoiding collisions, obeying traffic rules, and making efficient progress. In many situations, these objectives cannot be…

Autonomous driving has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Nan Li , Dave Oyler , Mengxuan Zhang , Yildiray Yildiz , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard

In this paper, we introduce the notion of Cooperative Perception Error Models (coPEMs) towards achieving an effective and efficient integration of V2X solutions within a virtual test environment. We focus our analysis on the occlusion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Roshan Vijay , Lap-Pui Chau , Justin Dauwels

Multi-Sensor Fusion (MSF) based perception systems have been the foundation in supporting many industrial applications and domains, such as self-driving cars, robotic arms, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Over the past few years, the fast…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Xinyu Gao , Zhijie Wang , Yang Feng , Lei Ma , Zhenyu Chen , Baowen Xu
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