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Environment perception is a fundamental part of the dynamic driving task executed by Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS). Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based approaches have prevailed over classical techniques for realizing the environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Iqra Aslam , Abhishek Buragohain , Daniel Bamal , Adina Aniculaesei , Meng Zhang , Andreas Rausch

Simulation-based design, optimization, and validation of autonomous vehicles have proven to be crucial for their improvement over the years. Nevertheless, the ultimate measure of effectiveness is their successful transition from simulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chinmay Vilas Samak , Tanmay Vilas Samak , Bing Li , Venkat Krovi

Achieving safe and robust autonomy is the key bottleneck on the path towards broader adoption of autonomous vehicles technology. This motivates going beyond extrinsic metrics such as miles between disengagement, and calls for approaches…

Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have sparked interest in their use for autonomous driving, particularly in generating interpretable driving decisions through natural language. However, the assumption that VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Shaoyuan Xie , Lingdong Kong , Yuhao Dong , Chonghao Sima , Wenwei Zhang , Qi Alfred Chen , Ziwei Liu , Liang Pan

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles, given the uncertainty in sensing other road users, is an open problem. Moreover, separate safety specifications for perception and planning components raise how to assess the overall system…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Julian Bernhard , Patrick Hart , Amit Sahu , Christoph Schöller , Michell Guzman Cancimance

Sensor configuration, including the sensor selections and their installation locations, serves a crucial role in autonomous driving. A well-designed sensor configuration significantly improves the performance upper bound of the perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Tao Ma , Zhizheng Liu , Yikang Li

Most current end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving algorithms are built on standard vehicles in structured transportation scenarios, lacking exploration of robot navigation for unstructured scenarios such as auxiliary roads, campus roads, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhang Peng , Sidong Wang , Jihaoyu Yang , Shilong Li , Han Wang , Jiangtao Gong

As semi-automated vehicles (SAVs) become more common, ensuring effective human-vehicle interaction during control handovers remains a critical safety challenge. Existing studies often rely on single-session simulator experiments or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yasaman Hakiminejad , Shiva Azimi , Luis Gomero , Elizabeth Pantesco , Irene P. Kan , Meltem Izzetoglu , Arash Tavakoli

Modern AI technologies enable autonomous vehicles to perceive complex scenes, predict human behavior, and make real-time driving decisions. However, these data-driven components often operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Oumaima Barhoumi , Mohamed H Zaki , Sofiène Tahar

The scale-up of autonomous vehicles depends heavily on their ability to deal with anomalies, such as rare objects on the road. In order to handle such situations, it is necessary to detect anomalies in the first place. Anomaly detection for…

While the most visible part of the safety verification process of automated vehicles concerns the planning and control system, it is often overlooked that safety of the latter crucially depends on the fault-tolerance of the preceding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Cornelius Buerkle , Florian Geissler , Michael Paulitsch , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

In recent years, car makers and tech companies have been racing towards self driving cars. It seems that the main parameter in this race is who will have the first car on the road. The goal of this paper is to add to the equation two…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Shaked Shammah , Amnon Shashua

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Benjamin Stoler , Juliet Yang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Majid Khonji , Jorge Dias , Lakmal Seneviratne

While automated driving is often advertised with better-than-human driving performance, this work reviews that it is nearly impossible to provide direct statistical evidence on the system level that this is actually the case. The amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Hanno Gottschalk , Matthias Rottmann , Maida Saltagic

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are expected to improve comfort, productivity and, most importantly, safety for all road users. To ensure that the systems are safe, rules and regulations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Pierluigi Olleja , Gustav Markkula , Jonas Bärgman

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Thorough testing of safety-critical autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars, autonomous robots, and drones, is essential for detecting potential failures before deployment. One crucial testing stage is model-in-the-loop testing, where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Dmytro Humeniuk , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol