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We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is possible to reconcile in online learning in zero-sum games two seemingly contradictory objectives: vanishing time-average regret and non-vanishing step sizes. This phenomenon, that we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-14 James P. Bailey , Georgios Piliouras

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is an efficient no-regret learning algorithm for decision problems modeled as extensive games. CFR's regret bounds depend on the requirement of perfect recall: players always remember information…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-04 Marc Lanctot , Richard Gibson , Neil Burch , Martin Zinkevich , Michael Bowling

We consider a family of learning strategies for online optimization problems that evolve in continuous time and we show that they lead to no regret. From a more traditional, discrete-time viewpoint, this continuous-time approach allows us…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-28 Joon Kwon , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Recent literature on online learning has focused on developing adaptive algorithms that take advantage of a regularity of the sequence of observations, yet retain worst-case performance guarantees. A complementary direction is to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Ali Jadbabaie , Alexander Rakhlin , Shahin Shahrampour , Karthik Sridharan

Constructing effective algorithms to converge to Nash Equilibrium (NE) is an important problem in algorithmic game theory. Prior research generally posits that the upper bound on the convergence rate for games is $O\left(T^{-1/2}\right)$.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Qi Ju , Falin Hei , Yuxuan Liu , Zhemei Fang , Yunfeng Luo

Self-play methods based on regret minimization have become the state of the art for computing Nash equilibria in large two-players zero-sum extensive-form games. These methods fundamentally rely on the hierarchical structure of the players'…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Gabriele Farina , Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang , Tuomas Sandholm

We study fast rates of convergence in the setting of nonparametric online regression, namely where regret is defined with respect to an arbitrary function class which has bounded complexity. Our contributions are two-fold: - In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Constantinos Daskalakis , Noah Golowich

To establish last-iterate convergence for Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) algorithms in learning a Nash equilibrium (NE) of extensive-form games (EFGs), recent studies reformulate learning an NE of the original EFG as learning the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Linjian Meng , Youzhi Zhang , Zhenxing Ge , Shangdong Yang , Tianyu Ding , Wenbin Li , Tianpei Yang , Bo An , Yang Gao

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) has found success in settings like poker which have both terminal states and perfect recall. We seek to understand how to relax these requirements. As a first step, we introduce a simple algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Ian A. Kash , Michael Sullins , Katja Hofmann

For some well-known games, such as the Traveler's Dilemma or the Centipede Game, traditional game-theoretic solution concepts--and most notably Nash equilibrium--predict outcomes that are not consistent with empirical observations. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-10-20 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

We study the problem of learning in zero-sum matrix games with repeated play and bandit feedback. Specifically, we focus on developing uncoupled algorithms that guarantee, without communication between players, the convergence of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Côme Fiegel , Pierre Ménard , Tadashi Kozuno , Michal Valko , Vianney Perchet

Swap regret is a notion that has proven itself to be central to the study of general-sum normal-form games, with swap-regret minimization leading to convergence to the set of correlated equilibria and guaranteeing non-manipulability against…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran , Natalie Collina , Yishay Mansour , Mehryar Mohri , Jon Schneider , Balasubramanian Sivan

We study risk-sensitive multi-agent reinforcement learning under general-sum Markov games, where agents optimize the entropic risk measure of rewards with possibly diverse risk preferences. We show that using the regret naively adapted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yingjie Fei , Ruitu Xu

This paper studies the last-iterate convergence properties of the exponential weights algorithm with constant learning rates. We consider a repeated interaction in discrete time, where each player uses an exponential weights algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Maurizio d'Andrea , Fabien Gensbittel , Jérôme Renault

Under the uncoupled learning setup, the last-iterate convergence guarantee towards Nash equilibrium is shown to be impossible in many games. This work studies the last-iterate convergence guarantee in general games toward rationalizability,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jibang Wu , Haifeng Xu , Fan Yao

Online learning algorithms that minimize regret provide strong guarantees in situations that involve repeatedly making decisions in an uncertain environment, e.g. a driver deciding what route to drive to work every day. While regret…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Jeremiah Blocki , Nicolas Christin , Anupam Datta , Arunesh Sinha

This paper examines the long-run behavior of learning with bandit feedback in non-cooperative concave games. The bandit framework accounts for extremely low-information environments where the agents may not even know they are playing a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Mario Bravo , David S. Leslie , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

In this paper, we propose Posterior Sampling Reinforcement Learning for Zero-sum Stochastic Games (PSRL-ZSG), the first online learning algorithm that achieves Bayesian regret bound of $O(HS\sqrt{AT})$ in the infinite-horizon zero-sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Mehdi Jafarnia-Jahromi , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

Computational tractability and social welfare (aka. efficiency) of equilibria are two fundamental but in general orthogonal considerations in algorithmic game theory. Nevertheless, we show that when (approximate) full efficiency can be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ioannis Anagnostides , Tuomas Sandholm

Existing studies on provably efficient algorithms for Markov games (MGs) almost exclusively build on the "optimism in the face of uncertainty" (OFU) principle. This work focuses on a different approach of posterior sampling, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Wei Xiong , Han Zhong , Chengshuai Shi , Cong Shen , Tong Zhang
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