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Spintronics provides an efficient platform for realizing non-volatile memory and logic devices. In these systems, data is stored in the magnetization of magnetic materials, and magnetization is switched in the writing process. In…

Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) devices offer improved power efficiency, nonvolatility, and performance compared to static RAM, making them ideal, for instance, for cache memory applications. Efficient…

Charge-to-spin and spin-to-charge conversion mechanisms in high spin-orbit materials are the new frontier of memory devices. They operate via spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching of a magnetic electrode, driven by an applied charge current. In…

Antiferromagnets are outstanding candidates for the next generation of spintronic applications, with great potential for downscaling and decreasing power consumption. Recently, the manipulation of bulk properties of antiferromagnets has…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-02-05 X. H. Liu , K. W. Edmonds , Z. P. Zhou , K. Y. Wang

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching of ferromagnets with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has a great potential for the next-generation non-volatile magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM). It requires a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Tuo Fan , Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang , Soichiro Nakano , Pham Nam Hai

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) from transition metal oxides (TMOs) in conjunction with magnetic materials have recently attracted tremendous attention for realizing high-efficient spintronic devices. SrRuO3 is a promising candidate among TMOs…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-03-04 Sheng Li , Bin Lao , Zengxing Lu , Xuan Zheng , Kenan Zhao , Liguang Gong , Tao Tang , Keyi Wu , Run-Wei Li , Zhiming Wang

Orbital torque (OT) offers a highly efficient way for electrical magnetization manipulation. However, its potential in the emerging field of flexible spintronics remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a flexible and robust OT…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-27 Liguang Gong , Jian Song , Bin Lao , Run-Wei Li , Zhiming Wang

Magnetically ordered, electrically insulating materials pave the way towards novel spintronic devices. In these materials the flow of magnetic excitations such as magnons results in pure spin currents. These spin currents can be driven by…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-12-25 Matthias Althammer , Sebastian T. B. Goennenwein , Rudolf Gross

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) enables ultra-fast, energy-efficient magnetization switching, making it a promising mechanism for introducing MRAMs for cache memory applications. However, current SOT-MRAM devices face write efficiency limitations,…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) in the heavy elements with a large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been frequently used to manipulate the magnetic states in spintronic devices. Recent theoretical works have predicted that the surface oxidized light…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-05-13 Kun Zheng , Cuimei Cao , Yingying Lu , Jing Meng , Junpeng Pan , Zhenjie Zhao , Yang Xu , Tian Shang , Qingfeng Zhan

Topological insulators (TI) and magnetic topological insulators (MTI) can apply highly efficient spin-orbit torque (SOT) and manipulate the magnetization with their unique topological surface states with ultra-high efficiency. Here, we…

Magnets are key materials for the electrification of mobility and also for the generation and transformation of electric energy. Research and development in recent decades lead to high performance magnets, which require a finely tuned…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-12-25 Lukas Weissitsch , Franziska Staab , Karsten Durst , Andrea Bachmaier

Antiferromagnetic transition metal oxides are an established and widely studied materials system in the context of spin-based electronics, commonly used as passive elements in exchange bias-based memory devices. Currently, major interest…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-03-24 H. Meer , O. Gomonay , A. Wittmann , M. Kläui

Writing magnetic bits by spin-orbit torques (SOTs) arising from spin Hall effect creates new possibilities for ultrafast and low-power magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). For perpendicular MRAM, an extra in-plane field is required…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-11-25 Yang Liu , Bing Zhou , Zhengkun Dai , Enbo Zhang , Jian-Gang Zhu

Current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) represent one of the most effective ways to manipulate the magnetization in spintronic devices. The orthogonal torque-magnetization geometry, the strong damping, and the large domain wall velocities…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) enables efficient electrical control of magnetization, offering a pathway towards low-power spintronic devices. Magnetic topological insulators (TIs), with spin-momentum-locked surface states and intrinsic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Ling-Jie Zhou , Deyi Zhuo , Han Tay , Zi-Jie Yan , Pu Xiao , Xiaoda Liu , Bomin Zhang , Cui-Zu Chang

Among van der Waals (vdW) layered ferromagnets, Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) is an excellent candidate material to form FGT/heavy metal heterostructures for studying the effect of spin-orbit torques (SOT). Its metallicity, strong perpendicular magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Mohammed Alghamdi , Mark Lohmann , Junxue Li , Palani R. Jothi , Qiming Shao , Mohammed Aldosary , Tang Su , Boniface Fokwa , Jing Shi

Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as a promising method for achieving energy-efficient magnetisation switching in advanced spintronic devices. Over the past two decades, researchers have primarily focused on enhancing spin…

Electrical manipulation of spin textures inside antiferromagnets represents a new opportunity for developing spintronics with superior speed and high device density. Injecting spin currents into antiferromagnets and realizing efficient…

With ultra-fast writing capacity and high reliability, the spin-orbit torque is regarded as a promising alternative to fabricate next-generation magnetic random access memory. However, the three-terminal setup can be challenging when…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Ming-Han Tsai , Po-Hung Lin , Kuo-Feng Huang , Hsiu-Hau Lin , Chih-Huang Lai