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The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various sectors by automating routine tasks, marking a step toward the realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, they still struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Zihao Tang , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Identifying cohorts of patients based on eligibility criteria such as medical conditions, procedures, and medication use is critical to recruitment for clinical trials. Such criteria are often most naturally described in free-text, using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Nicholas J Dobbins , Tony Mullen , Ozlem Uzuner , Meliha Yetisgen

Millions of clinicians use ChatGPT to support clinical care, but evaluations of the most common use cases in model-clinician conversations are limited. We introduce HealthBench Professional, an open benchmark for evaluating large language…

We study the problem of adaptively identifying patient subpopulations that benefit from a given treatment during a confirmatory clinical trial. This type of adaptive clinical trial has been thoroughly studied in biostatistics, but has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Alicia Curth , Alihan Hüyük , Mihaela van der Schaar

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their adoption in the high-stakes domain of healthcare. Specifically, the application of LLMs in patient-trial matching, which involves assessing patient eligibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mauro Nievas , Aditya Basu , Yanshan Wang , Hrituraj Singh

Many promising-looking ideas in AI research fail to deliver, but their validation takes substantial human labor and compute. Predicting an idea's chance of success is thus crucial for accelerating empirical AI research, a skill that even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaxin Wen , Chenglei Si , Yueh-han Chen , He He , Shi Feng

Clinical trials constitute a critical yet exceptionally challenging and costly stage of drug development (\$2.6B per drug), where protocols are encoded as complex natural language documents, motivating the use of AI systems beyond manual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Sixue Xing , Kerui Wu , Xuanye Xia , Meng Jiang , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu

This Paper discusses the growing popularity of online medical diagnosis as an alternative to traditional doctor visits. It highlights the limitations of existing tools and emphasizes the advantages of using ChatGPT, which provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Mohamed Issa , Ahmed Abdelwahed

Recent studies have demonstrated promising performance of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on several medical domain tasks. However, none have assessed its performance using a large-scale real-world electronic health record database, nor have evaluated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jingqing Zhang , Kai Sun , Akshay Jagadeesh , Mahta Ghahfarokhi , Deepa Gupta , Ashok Gupta , Vibhor Gupta , Yike Guo

The increasing complexity of clinical decision-making, alongside the rapid expansion of electronic health records (EHR), presents both opportunities and challenges for delivering data-informed care. This paper proposes a clinical decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Leon Garza , Anantaa Kotal , Michael A. Grasso , Emre Umucu

Training mental health clinicians to conduct standardized clinical assessments is challenging due to a lack of scalable, realistic practice opportunities, which can impact data quality in clinical trials. To address this gap, we introduce a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Veronica Bossio Botero , Vijay Yadav , Jacob Ouyang , Anzar Abbas , Michelle Worthington

Aim: provide a methodological framework for the process of clinical tests, clinical acceptance, and scientific assessment of algorithms and software based on the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Clinical tests are considered as a…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially Large Language Models (LLMs), into the clinical diagnosis process offers significant potential to improve the efficiency and accessibility of medical care. While LLMs have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mingyu Derek Ma , Chenchen Ye , Yu Yan , Xiaoxuan Wang , Peipei Ping , Timothy S Chang , Wei Wang

Psychological consultation is essential for improving mental health and well-being, yet challenges such as the shortage of qualified professionals and scalability issues limit its accessibility. To address these challenges, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Rafael Souza , Jia-Hao Lim , Alexander Davis

Clinical trials (CTs) often fail due to inadequate patient recruitment. This paper tackles the challenges of CT retrieval by presenting an approach that addresses the patient-to-trials paradigm. Our approach involves two key components in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Wojciech Kusa , Óscar E. Mendoza , Petr Knoth , Gabriella Pasi , Allan Hanbury

Scientific workflow systems are increasingly popular for expressing and executing complex data analysis pipelines over large datasets, as they offer reproducibility, dependability, and scalability of analyses by automatic parallelization on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Mario Sänger , Ninon De Mecquenem , Katarzyna Ewa Lewińska , Vasilis Bountris , Fabian Lehmann , Ulf Leser , Thomas Kosch

Global healthcare providers are exploring use of large language models (LLMs) to provide medical advice to the public. LLMs now achieve nearly perfect scores on medical licensing exams, but this does not necessarily translate to accurate…

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) to assist clinicians has attracted remarkable attention. Existing works mainly adopt the close-ended question-answering (QA) task with answer options for evaluation. However, many clinical…

Screening patients for enrollment is a well-known, labor-intensive bottleneck that leads to under-enrollment and, ultimately, trial failures. Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) offer a promising opportunity to use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ziyi Chen , Mengxian Lyu , Cheng Peng , Yonghui Wu

Clinical trials are conducted to test the effectiveness and safety of potential drugs in humans for regulatory approval. Machine learning (ML) has recently emerged as a new tool to assist in clinical trials. Despite this progress, there…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Zifeng Wang , Brandon Theodorou , Tianfan Fu , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun