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Artificial intelligence is gaining traction in more ways than ever before. The popularity of language models and AI-based businesses has soared since ChatGPT was made available to the general public via OpenAI. It is becoming increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Prabin Sharma , Kisan Thapa , Dikshya Thapa , Prastab Dhakal , Mala Deep Upadhaya , Santosh Adhikari , Salik Ram Khanal

Large language models have exhibited exceptional performance on various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, leveraging techniques such as the pre-training, and instruction fine-tuning. Despite these advances, their effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Guangyu Wang , Guoxing Yang , Zongxin Du , Longjun Fan , Xiaohu Li

Clinical trial outcome prediction seeks to estimate the likelihood that a clinical trial will successfully reach its intended endpoint. This process predominantly involves the development of machine learning models that utilize a variety of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Chufan Gao , Tianfan Fu , Jimeng Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) and multi-agent systems have shown impressive capabilities in natural language tasks but face challenges in clinical trial applications, primarily due to limited access to external knowledge. Recognizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ling Yue , Sixue Xing , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu

Significant advancements have been made in recent years to optimize patient recruitment for clinical trials, however, improved methods for patient recruitment prediction are needed to support trial site selection and to estimate appropriate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jingshu Liu , Patricia J Allen , Luke Benz , Daniel Blickstein , Evon Okidi , Xiao Shi

Background: Artificial intelligence language models have shown promise in various applications, including assisting with clinical decision-making as demonstrated by strong performance of large language models on medical licensure exams.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Timothy Poterucha , Pierre Elias , Christopher M. Haggerty

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes applications such as medical (self-)diagnosis and preliminary triage raises significant ethical and practical concerns about the effectiveness, appropriateness, and possible…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Bonam Mingole , Aditya Majumdar , Firdaus Ahmed Choudhury , Jennifer L. Kraschnewski , Shyam S. Sundar , Amulya Yadav

Clinical trial matching is a key process in health delivery and discovery. In practice, it is plagued by overwhelming unstructured data and unscalable manual processing. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study on scaling clinical trial…

Background Clinical trials are essential to advancing cancer treatments, yet fewer than 10% of adults with cancer enroll in trials, and many studies fail to meet accrual targets. Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve identification of…

Trustworthy clinical advice is crucial but burdensome when seeking health support from professionals. Inaccessibility and financial burdens present obstacles to obtaining professional clinical advice, even when healthcare is available.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Delong Du , Richard Paluch , Gunnar Stevens , Claudia Müller

Accurate and verifiable large language model (LLM) simulations of human research subjects promise an accessible data source for understanding human behavior and training new AI systems. However, results to date have been limited, and few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jacy Reese Anthis , Ryan Liu , Sean M. Richardson , Austin C. Kozlowski , Bernard Koch , James Evans , Erik Brynjolfsson , Michael Bernstein

The process of matching patients with suitable clinical trials is essential for advancing medical research and providing optimal care. However, current approaches face challenges such as data standardization, ethical considerations, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jiayi Yuan , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaoqian Jiang , Xia Hu

Applying state-of-the-art machine learning and natural language processing on approximately one million of teleconsultation records, we developed a triage system, now certified and in use at the largest European telemedicine provider. The…

Patient matching is the process of linking patients to appropriate clinical trials by accurately identifying and matching their medical records with trial eligibility criteria. We propose LLM-Match, a novel framework for patient matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaodi Li , Shaika Chowdhury , Chung Il Wi , Maria Vassilaki , Xiaoke Liu , Terence T Sio , Owen Garrick , Young J Juhn , James R Cerhan , Cui Tao , Nansu Zong

This report embarks on a mission to revolutionize clinical trial protocol development through the integration of advanced AI technologies. With a focus on leveraging the capabilities of generative AI, specifically GPT-4, this initiative…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Morteza Maleki , SeyedAli Ghahari

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare presents a transformative potential for enhancing operational efficiency and health outcomes. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have shown their capabilities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Dou Liu , Ying Han , Xiandi Wang , Xiaomei Tan , Di Liu , Guangwu Qian , Kang Li , Dan Pu , Rong Yin

Objective: Clinical trials are essential for advancing pharmaceutical interventions, but they face a bottleneck in selecting eligible participants. Although leveraging electronic health records (EHR) for recruitment has gained popularity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mojdeh Rahmanian , Seyed Mostafa Fakhrahmad , Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi

Clinical trials are a systematic endeavor to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs or treatments. Conducting such trials typically demands significant financial investment and meticulous planning, highlighting the need for accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Tien Huu Do , Antoine Masquelier , Nae Eoun Lee , Jonathan Crowther

The ongoing pandemic has highlighted the importance of reliable and efficient clinical trials in healthcare. Trial sites, where the trials are conducted, are chosen mainly based on feasibility in terms of medical expertise and access to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Rakshith S Srinivasa , Cheng Qian , Brandon Theodorou , Jeffrey Spaeder , Cao Xiao , Lucas Glass , Jimeng Sun

Synthesizing clinical evidence largely relies on systematic reviews of clinical trials and retrospective analyses from medical literature. However, the rapid expansion of publications presents challenges in efficiently identifying,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zifeng Wang , Lang Cao , Benjamin Danek , Qiao Jin , Zhiyong Lu , Jimeng Sun