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Content moderation is a central mechanism through which platforms attempt to balance user engagement with community governance. Yet existing research has largely treated moderation as a uniform intervention, overlooking how moderator…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Siyi Zhou , Lindsay Young , Marlon Twyman , Emilio Ferrara

Social media platforms utilize Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered recommendation algorithms to maximize user engagement, which can result in inadvertent exposure to harmful content. Current moderation efforts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rajvardhan Oak , Muhammad Haroon , Claire Jo , Magdalena Wojcieszak , Anshuman Chhabra

Kuaishou serving hundreds of millions of searches daily, the quality of short-video search is paramount. However, it suffers from a severe Matthew effect on long-tail queries: sparse user behavior data causes models to amplify low-quality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenyi Xu , Feiran Zhu , Songyang Li , Renzhe Zhou , Chao Zhang , Chenglei Dai , Yuren Mao , Yunjun Gao , Yi Zhang

Short video platforms are evolving rapidly, making the identification of inappropriate content increasingly critical. Existing approaches typically train separate and small classification models for each type of issue, which requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zixuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hongwei Wang , Baoyu Jing , Xiang Shen , Xin Dong , Zhuolin Hao , Hongyu Xiong , Yang Song

Online communities serve as essential support channels for People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), providing access to peer support and harm reduction information. The moderation of these communities involves consequential decisions affecting member…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kaixuan Wang , Loraine Clarke , Carl-Cyril J Dreue , Guancheng Zhou , Jason T. Jacques

The rapid evolution of social media has provided enhanced communication channels for individuals to create online content, enabling them to express their thoughts and opinions. Multimodal memes, often utilized for playful or humorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Comparing vision language models on videos is particularly complex, as the performances is jointly determined by the model's visual representation capacity and the frame-sampling strategy used to construct the input. Current video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Marija Brkic , Anas Filali Razzouki , Yannis Tevissen , Khalil Guetari , Mounim A. El Yacoubi

We present a scalable and agile approach for ads image content moderation at Google, addressing the challenges of moderating massive volumes of ads with diverse content and evolving policies. The proposed method utilizes human-curated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Enming Luo , Wei Qiao , Katie Warren , Jingxiang Li , Eric Xiao , Krishna Viswanathan , Yuan Wang , Yintao Liu , Jimin Li , Ariel Fuxman

This paper investigates the effectiveness of TikTok's enforcement mechanisms for limiting the exposure of harmful content to youth accounts. We collect over 7000 videos, classify them as harmful vs not-harmful, and then simulate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Linda Xue , Francesco Corso , Nicolo' Fontana , Geng Liu , Stefano Ceri , Francesco Pierri

With the growth of social media and large language models, content moderation has become crucial. Many existing datasets lack adequate representation of different groups, resulting in unreliable assessments. To tackle this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shanu Kumar , Gauri Kholkar , Saish Mendke , Anubhav Sadana , Parag Agrawal , Sandipan Dandapat

As AI systems become more integrated into daily life, the need for safer and more reliable moderation has never been greater. Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, surpassing earlier models in complexity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Naseem Machlovi , Maryam Saleki , Innocent Ababio , Ruhul Amin

Content moderation in online platforms faces persistent challenges due to the evolving complexity of user-generated content and the limitations of traditional rule-based and machine learning approaches. While recent advances in large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haotian Lu , Yuchen Mou , Bingzhe Wu

Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daulet Toibazar , Kesen Wang , Sherif Mohamed , Abdulaziz Al-Badawi , Abdulrahman Alfulayt , Pedro J. Moreno

Warning: This paper contains examples of harmful language and images. Reader discretion is advised. Recently, vision-language models have demonstrated increasing influence in morally sensitive domains such as autonomous driving and medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiao Lin , Zhining Liu , Ze Yang , Gaotang Li , Ruizhong Qiu , Shuke Wang , Hui Liu , Haotian Li , Sumit Keswani , Vishwa Pardeshi , Huijun Zhao , Wei Fan , Hanghang Tong

Evaluating short-form video content requires moving beyond surface-level quality metrics toward human-aligned, multimodal reasoning. While existing frameworks like VideoScore-2 assess visual and semantic fidelity, they do not capture how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Arnav Gupta , Gurekas Singh Sahney , Hardik Rathi , Abhishek Chandwani , Ishaan Gupta , Pratik Narang , Dhruv Kumar

Short-form UGC video platforms, like Kwai and TikTok, have been an emerging and irreplaceable mainstream media form, thriving on user-friendly engagement, and kaleidoscope creation, etc. However, the advancing content-generation modes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Yiting Lu , Xin Li , Yajing Pei , Kun Yuan , Qizhi Xie , Yunpeng Qu , Ming Sun , Chao Zhou , Zhibo Chen

In an era of rapidly evolving internet technology, the surge in multimodal content, including videos, has expanded the horizons of online communication. However, the detection of toxic content in this diverse landscape, particularly in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Krishanu Maity , A. S. Poornash , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Accurate and efficient Video Quality Assessment (VQA) has long been a key research challenge. Current mainstream VQA methods typically improve performance by pretraining on large-scale classification datasets (e.g., ImageNet, Kinetics-400),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yachun Mi , Yu Li , Yanting Li , Chen Hui , Tong Zhang , Zhixuan Li , Chenyue Song , Wei Yang Bryan Lim , Shaohui Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved strong results in video understanding, yet a key question remains: do they truly comprehend visual content or only learn shallow correlations between vision and language? Real visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Guangyao Shi , Yubin Qin , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Tianyi Zhou , Dinesh Manocha , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

As large language models (LLMs) become deeply embedded in daily life, the urgent need for safer moderation systems that distinguish between naive and harmful requests while upholding appropriate censorship boundaries has never been greater.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Naseem Machlovi , Maryam Saleki , Ruhul Amin , Mohamed Rahouti , Shawqi Al-Maliki , Junaid Qadir , Mohamed M. Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha