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Extensive efforts in automated approaches for content moderation have been focused on developing models to identify toxic, offensive, and hateful content with the aim of lightening the load for moderators. Yet, it remains uncertain whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yang Trista Cao , Lovely-Frances Domingo , Sarah Ann Gilbert , Michelle Mazurek , Katie Shilton , Hal Daumé

Generative AI systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) usually use content moderation to prevent harmful content spread. To evaluate the robustness of content moderation, several metamorphic testing techniques have been proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Honghao Tan , Haibo Wang , Diany Pressato , Yisen Xu , Shin Hwei Tan

Recently, with the emergence of recent Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) technology, it has become possible to exploit its video understanding capability on different classification tasks. In practice, we face the difficulty of huge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Xin Dong , Sen Jia , Ming Rui Wang , Yan Li , Zhenheng Yang , Bingfeng Deng , Hongyu Xiong

The rapid proliferation of user-generated content (UGC) on short-form video platforms has made video engagement prediction increasingly important for optimizing recommendation systems and guiding content creation. However, this task remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Wei Sun , Linhan Cao , Yuqin Cao , Weixia Zhang , Wen Wen , Kaiwei Zhang , Zijian Chen , Fangfang Lu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

With the rapid rise of short-form videos, TikTok has become one of the most influential platforms among children and teenagers, but also a source of harmful content that can affect their perception and behavior. Such content, often subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Dat Thanh Nguyen , Nguyen Hung Lam , Anh Hoang-Thi Nguyen , Trong-Hop Do

This paper analyzes the community safety guidelines of five text-to-image (T2I) generation platforms and audits five T2I models, focusing on prompts related to the representation of humans in areas that might lead to societal stigma. While…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Piera Riccio , Georgina Curto , Nuria Oliver

One trending application of LLM (large language model) is to use it for content moderation in online platforms. Most current studies on this application have focused on the metric of accuracy -- the extent to which LLMs make correct…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tao Huang

Content moderation at scale remains one of the most pressing challenges in today's digital ecosystem, where billions of user- and AI-generated artifacts must be continuously evaluated for policy violations. Although recent advances in large…

Video-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive multi-modal reasoning capabilities across diverse computer vision applications. However, these VLMs are task-specific and assume that both video and language inputs are complete.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang , Keke Tang , Daizong Liu , Siyi Wang , Wei Ji

AI Safety Moderation (ASM) classifiers are designed to moderate content on social media platforms and to serve as guardrails that prevent Large Language Models (LLMs) from being fine-tuned on unsafe inputs. Owing to their potential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Akshit Achara , Anshuman Chhabra

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on numerous benchmark tasks. However, the use of internet-scale, often proprietary, pretraining corpora raises a critical concern for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jaden Park , Mu Cai , Feng Yao , Jingbo Shang , Soochahn Lee , Yong Jae Lee

Given the societal impact of unsafe content generated by large language models (LLMs), ensuring that LLM services comply with safety standards is a crucial concern for LLM service providers. Common content moderation methods are limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jialin Wu , Jiangyi Deng , Shengyuan Pang , Yanjiao Chen , Jiayang Xu , Xinfeng Li , Wenyuan Xu

As Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) are deployed globally, they require understanding of and grounding in the relevant cultural background. To properly assess these models' cultural awareness, adequate benchmarks are needed. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Nikhil Reddy Varimalla , Yunfei Xu , Arkadiy Saakyan , Meng Fan Wang , Smaranda Muresan

Safety evaluation of multimodal foundation models often treats vision and language inputs separately, missing risks from joint interpretation where benign content becomes harmful in combination. Existing approaches also fail to distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shruti Palaskar , Leon Gatys , Mona Abdelrahman , Mar Jacobo , Larry Lindsey , Rutika Moharir , Gunnar Lund , Yang Xu , Navid Shiee , Jeffrey Bigham , Charles Maalouf , Joseph Yitan Cheng

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models for video understanding (videoLLMs) have enhanced their capacity to process complex spatiotemporal data. However, challenges such as factual inaccuracies, harmful content, biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Youze Wang , Zijun Chen , Ruoyu Chen , Shishen Gu , Wenbo Hu , Jiayang Liu , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Meng Wang , Richang Hong

In recent years, social media users have spent significant amounts of time on short-form video platforms. As a result, established platforms in other domains, such as e-commerce, have begun introducing short-form video content to engage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Andrii Dzhoha , Katya Mirylenka , Egor Malykh , Marco-Andrea Buchmann , Francesca Catino

Given an untrimmed video and a sentence query, video moment retrieval using language (VMR) aims to locate a target query-relevant moment. Since the untrimmed video is overlong, almost all existing VMR methods first sparsely down-sample each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiang Fang , Daizong Liu , Wanlong Fang , Pan Zhou , Zichuan Xu , Wenzheng Xu , Junyang Chen , Renfu Li

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in multimodal reasoning tasks. However, their widespread accessibility raises critical concerns about potential copyright infringement. Will LVLMs accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Naen Xu , Jinghuai Zhang , Changjiang Li , Hengyu An , Chunyi Zhou , Jun Wang , Boyu Xu , Yuyuan Li , Tianyu Du , Shouling Ji

Toxic language, such as hate speech, can deter users from participating in online communities and enjoying popular platforms. Previous approaches to detecting toxic language and norm violations have been primarily concerned with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jihyung Moon , Dong-Ho Lee , Hyundong Cho , Woojeong Jin , Chan Young Park , Minwoo Kim , Jonathan May , Jay Pujara , Sungjoon Park

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for emotional support. They are also being developed for formal therapy purposes. However, LLMs like ChaptGPT or Llama are often developed with content moderation guardrails that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiwon Kim , Claire Wang , Taeung Yoon , Sabelle Huang , Koustuv Saha