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This paper investigates the challenge of learning in black-box games, where the underlying utility function is unknown to any of the agents. While there is an extensive body of literature on the theoretical analysis of algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Minbiao Han , Fengxue Zhang , Yuxin Chen

This paper focuses on exploring the convergence properties of a generic player's trajectory and empirical measures in an N-player Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian Nash game, where Brownian motion serves as the common noise. The study establishes…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Jiamin Jian , Qingshuo Song , Jiaxuan Ye

We propose a deep neural network-based algorithm to identify the Markovian Nash equilibrium of general large $N$-player stochastic differential games. Following the idea of fictitious play, we recast the $N$-player game into $N$ decoupled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Jiequn Han , Ruimeng Hu

We present a simulation-based approach for solution of mean field games (MFGs), using the framework of empirical game-theoretical analysis (EGTA). Our primary method employs a version of the double oracle, iteratively adding strategies…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yongzhao Wang , Michael P. Wellman

In this paper, we address the problem of a two-player linear quadratic differential game with incomplete information, a scenario commonly encountered in multi-agent control, human-robot interaction (HRI), and approximation methods for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Seyed Yousef Soltanian , Wenlong Zhang

The aim of this paper is to study first order Mean field games subject to a linear controlled dynamics on $\mathbb R^{d}$. For this kind of problems, we define Nash equilibria (called Mean Field Games equilibria), as Borel probability…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-11 Piermarco Cannarsa , Cristian Mendico

We derive sublinear-time quantum algorithms for computing the Nash equilibrium of two-player zero-sum games, based on efficient Gibbs sampling methods. We are able to achieve speed-ups for both dense and sparse payoff matrices at the cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-08 Joran van Apeldoorn , András Gilyén

In this paper, we propose an equilibrium-seeking algorithm for finding generalized Nash equilibria of non-cooperative monotone convex quadratic games. Specifically, we recast the Nash equilibrium-seeking problem as variational inequality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Bingqi Liu , Dominic Liao-McPherson

We consider seeking a Nash equilibrium (NE) of a monotone game, played by dynamic agents which are modeled as a class of lower-triangular nonlinear uncertain dynamics with external disturbances. We establish a general framework that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Weijian Li , Yutao Tang

Even when confronted with the same data, agents often disagree on a model of the real-world. Here, we address the question of how interacting heterogenous agents, who disagree on what model the real-world follows, optimize their trading…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-13 Philippe Casgrain , Sebastian Jaimungal

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for the general-sum Markov Games (MGs) under the general function approximation. In order to find the minimum assumption for sample-efficient learning, we introduce a novel complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Nuoya Xiong , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

In this paper, we study the problem of multiple stochastic agents interacting in a dynamic game scenario with continuous state and action spaces. We define a new notion of stochastic Nash equilibrium for boundedly rational agents, which we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Negar Mehr , Mingyu Wang , Mac Schwager

We study reinforcement learning for two-player zero-sum Markov games with simultaneous moves in the finite-horizon setting, where the transition kernel of the underlying Markov games can be parameterized by a linear function over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Zixiang Chen , Dongruo Zhou , Quanquan Gu

This paper studies two fundamental problems in regularized Graphon Mean-Field Games (GMFGs). First, we establish the existence of a Nash Equilibrium (NE) of any $\lambda$-regularized GMFG (for $\lambda\geq 0$). This result relies on weaker…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Fengzhuo Zhang , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Provably efficient and robust equilibrium computation in general-sum Markov games remains a core challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Nash equilibrium is computationally intractable in general and brittle due to equilibrium…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jake Gonzales , Max Horwitz , Eric Mazumdar , Lillian J. Ratliff

Mean field games are limit models for symmetric $N$-player games with interaction of mean field type as $N\to\infty$. The limit relation is often understood in the sense that a solution of a mean field game allows to construct approximate…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-29 Markus Fischer

We present efficient approximation algorithms for finding Nash equilibria in anonymous games, that is, games in which the players utilities, though different, do not differentiate between other players. Our results pertain to such games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-10-31 Constantinos Daskalakis , Christos Papadimitriou

Dynamic nonzero sum games are widely used to model multi agent decision making in control, economics, and related fields. Classical methods for computing Nash equilibria, especially in linear quadratic settings, rely on strong structural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Alireza Rezaee

Zero-sum Linear Quadratic (LQ) games are fundamental in optimal control and can be used (i)~as a dynamic game formulation for risk-sensitive or robust control and (ii)~as a benchmark setting for multi-agent reinforcement learning with two…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Jiduan Wu , Anas Barakat , Ilyas Fatkhullin , Niao He

Contemporary applications of machine learning in two-team e-sports and the superior expressivity of multi-agent generative adversarial networks raise important and overlooked theoretical questions regarding optimization in two-team games.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis
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