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We propose a novel mean field games (MFGs) based GAN(generative adversarial network) framework. To be specific, we utilize the Hopf formula in density space to rewrite MFGs as a primal-dual problem so that we are able to train the model via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Shaojun Ma , Haomin Zhou , Hongyuan Zha

The mean field games (MFG) theory has broad application in mathematical modeling of social phenomena. The Mean Field Games System (MFGS) is the key to the MFG theory. This is a system of two nonlinear parabolic partial differential…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Michael V. Klibanov , Jingzhi Li , Hongyu Liu

Mean Field Games (MFGs) provide a powerful framework for modeling the collective behavior of large populations of interacting agents. In this paper, we address the problem of Imitation Learning (IL) in MFGs subject to common noise, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Grégoire Lambrecht , Mathieu Laurière

The recent mean field game (MFG) formalism has enabled the application of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) methods in large-scale multi-agent systems, with the goal of inferring reward signals that can explain demonstrated behaviours of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Yang Chen , Libo Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Shuyue Hu

The intersection of Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) has fostered a growing family of algorithms designed to solve large-scale multi-agent systems. However, the field currently lacks a standardized evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Lorenzo Magnino , Jiacheng Shen , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Mathieu Laurière

Recent advances in deep learning has witnessed many innovative frameworks that solve high dimensional mean-field games (MFG) accurately and efficiently. These methods, however, are restricted to solving single-instance MFG and demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Han Huang , Rongjie Lai

We consider the problem of representing collective behavior of large populations and predicting the evolution of a population distribution over a discrete state space. A discrete time mean field game (MFG) is motivated as an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Jiachen Yang , Xiaojing Ye , Rakshit Trivedi , Huan Xu , Hongyuan Zha

Inverse modeling for computing a high-dimensional spatially-varying property field from indirect sparse and noisy observations is a challenging problem. This is due to the complex physical system of interest often expressed in the form of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-02-22 Govinda Anantha Padmanabha , Nicholas Zabaras

Inverse problems are prevalent in both scientific research and engineering applications. In the context of Bayesian inverse problems, sampling from the posterior distribution can be particularly challenging when the forward models are…

Computation · Statistics 2026-02-17 Zhihang Xu , Xiaoyu Zhu , Daoji Li , Qifeng Liao

This paper presents a general mean-field game (GMFG) framework for simultaneous learning and decision-making in stochastic games with a large population. It first establishes the existence of a unique Nash Equilibrium to this GMFG, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Renyuan Xu , Junzi Zhang

Mean Field Game (MFG) models implicitly assume "rational expectations", meaning that the heterogeneous agents being modeled correctly know all relevant transition probabilities for the complex system they inhabit. When there is common…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Benjamin Moll , Lenya Ryzhik

We present a method enabling a large number of agents to learn how to flock, which is a natural behavior observed in large populations of animals. This problem has drawn a lot of interest but requires many structural assumptions and is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sarah Perrin , Mathieu Laurière , Julien Pérolat , Matthieu Geist , Romuald Élie , Olivier Pietquin

The present paper proposes a Bayesian framework for inverse problems that seamlessly integrates optimization and inversion to enable rapid surrogate modeling, accurate parameter inference, and rigorous uncertainty quantification. Bayesian…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mihaela Chiappetta , Massimo Carraturo , Alexander Raßloff , Markus Kästner , Ferdinando Auricchio

Generating simulated training data needed for constructing sufficiently accurate surrogate models to be used for efficient optimization or parameter identification can incur a huge computational effort in the offline phase. We consider a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Phillip Semler , Martin Weiser

Surrogate modeling based on Gaussian processes (GPs) has received increasing attention in the analysis of complex problems in science and engineering. Despite extensive studies on GP modeling, the developments for functional inputs are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-04 Chih-Li Sung , Wenjia Wang , Fioralba Cakoni , Isaac Harris , Ying Hung

We demonstrate the versatility of mean-field games (MFGs) as a mathematical framework for explaining, enhancing, and designing generative models. In generative flows, a Lagrangian formulation is used where each particle (generated sample)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-25 Benjamin J. Zhang , Markos A. Katsoulakis

Financial markets are often driven by latent factors which traders cannot observe. Here, we address an algorithmic trading problem with collections of heterogeneous agents who aim to perform optimal execution or statistical arbitrage, where…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-04-02 Philippe Casgrain , Sebastian Jaimungal

This paper proposes a novel Mean-Field Game (MFG) framework for large-scale attacker-defender systems aimed at protecting one or multiple High-Value Units (HVUs). Motivated by classical agent-wise attrition models, we introduce a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Avetik Arakelyan , Tigran Bakaryan , Davit Alaverdyan , Naira Hovakimyan , Isaac Kaminer

In this paper, we study two kinds of inverse problems for Mean Field Games (MFGs) with common noise. Our focus is on MFGs described by a coupled system of stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman and Fokker-Planck equations. Firstly, we establish…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Qi Lü , Zhonghua Liao

Methods like multi-agent reinforcement learning struggle to scale with growing population size. Mean-field games (MFGs) are a game-theoretic approach that can circumvent this by finding a solution for an abstract infinite population, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate