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We perform a quantitative analysis of extensive chess databases and show that the frequencies of opening moves are distributed according to a power-law with an exponent that increases linearly with the game depth, whereas the pooled…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-18 B. Blasius , R. Toenjes

Flip a coin repeatedly, and stop whenever you want. Your payoff is the proportion of heads, and you wish to maximize this payoff in expectation. This so-called Chow-Robbins game is amenable to computer analysis, but while simple-minded…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-01-04 Olle Häggström , Johan Wästlund

ZX-diagrams are a powerful graphical language for the description of quantum processes with applications in fundamental quantum mechanics, quantum circuit optimization, tensor network simulation, and many more. The utility of ZX-diagrams…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Maximilian Nägele , Florian Marquardt

We present two variants of a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm based on evolutionary game theoretic considerations. The intentional simplicity of one variant enables us to prove results on its relationship to a system of ordinary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Johann Bauer , Sheldon West , Eduardo Alonso , Mark Broom

Synthesizing Chinese characters with consistent style using few stylized examples is challenging. Existing models struggle to generate arbitrary style characters with limited examples. In this paper, we propose the Generalized W-Net, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Haochuan Jiang , Guanyu Yang , Fei Cheng , Kaizhu Huang

In this paper we propose several strategies for the exact computation of the determinant of a rational matrix. First, we use the Chinese Remaindering Theorem and the rational reconstruction to recover the rational determinant from its…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2009-04-16 Anna Urbanska

Motivated by the controversy in the chess community, where Hikaru Nakamura, a renowned grandmaster, has posted multiple impressive winning streaks over the years on the online platform chess.com, we derive the probabilities of various types…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Guoqing Diao

We propose a generic design for Chinese remainder algorithms. A Chinese remainder computation consists in reconstructing an integer value from its residues modulo non coprime integers. We also propose an efficient linear data structure, a…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2010-09-09 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Thierry Gautier , Jean-Louis Roch

We propose a generic design for Chinese remainder algorithms. A Chinese remainder computation consists in reconstructing an integer value from its residues modulo non coprime integers. We also propose an efficient linear data structure, a…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2010-01-26 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Thierry Gautier , Jean-Louis Roch

Chinese word usage errors often occur in non-native Chinese learners' writing. It is very helpful for non-native Chinese learners to detect them automatically when learning writing. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, which takes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Jinbin Zhang , Heng Wang

We analyze what happens to the average duration of a game of Chutes and Ladders as the probability of rolling $\delta \in \{ 1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ approaches 100%. We utilize Markov models, and Monte Carlo simulations in Python. We also introduce…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Vincent Ciarcia , Erik Insko

Waiter-Client games are played on some hypergraph $(X,\mathcal{F})$, where $\mathcal{F}$ denotes the family of winning sets. For some bias $b$, during each round of such a game Waiter offers to Client $b+1$ elements of $X$, of which Client…

Rapidly developed neural models have achieved competitive performance in Chinese word segmentation (CWS) as their traditional counterparts. However, most of methods encounter the computational inefficiency especially for long sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Sufeng Duan , Jiangtong Li , Hai Zhao

Algorithms for equilibrium computation generally make no attempt to ensure that the computed strategies are understandable by humans. For instance the strategies for the strongest poker agents are represented as massive binary files. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Sam Ganzfried , Farzana Yusuf

Many poker systems, whether created with heuristics or machine learning, rely on the probability of winning as a key input. However calculating the precise probability using combinatorics is an intractable problem, so instead we approximate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Brandon Da Silva

Reinforcement learning from self-play has recently reported many successes. Self-play, where the agents compete with themselves, is often used to generate training data for iterative policy improvement. In previous work, heuristic rules are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yuanyi Zhong , Yuan Zhou , Jian Peng

This study raises and addresses the problem of time-delayed feedback in learning in games. Because learning in games assumes that multiple agents independently learn their strategies, a discrepancy in optimization often emerges among the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yuma Fujimoto , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu

We show that the Zipf's law for Chinese characters perfectly holds for sufficiently short texts (few thousand different characters). The scenario of its validity is similar to the Zipf's law for words in short English texts. For long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-03-10 W. B. Deng , A. E. Allahverdyan , B. Li , Q. A. Wang

Recent advancements in algorithms for sequential decision-making under imperfect information have shown remarkable success in large games such as limit- and no-limit poker. These algorithms traditionally formalize the games using the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Vojtěch Kovařík , David Milec , Michal Šustr , Dominik Seitz , Viliam Lisý

Some grammatical error correction (GEC) systems incorporate hand-crafted rules and achieve positive results. However, manually defining rules is time-consuming and laborious. In view of this, we propose a method to mine error templates for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Yue Zhang , Haochen Jiang , Zuyi Bao , Bo Zhang , Chen Li , Zhenghua Li