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As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain autonomous capabilities, their coordination in multi-agent settings becomes increasingly important. However, they often struggle with cooperation, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Inspired by Axelrod's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kenneth J. K. Ong , Lye Jia Jun , Hieu Minh "Jord" Nguyen , Seong Hah Cho , Natalia Pérez-Campanero Antolín

Activation engineering is becoming increasingly popular as a means of online control of large language models (LLMs). In this work, we extend the idea of inference-time steering with vectors that represent a behavioral direction of interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Christopher M. Ackerman

Controlling the behavior of large language models (LLMs) at inference time is essential for aligning outputs with human abilities and safety requirements. \emph{Activation steering} provides a lightweight alternative to prompt engineering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Diaoulé Diallo , Katharina Dworatzyk , Sophie Jentzsch , Peer Schütt , Sabine Theis , Tobias Hecking

Driven by the demand for personalized AI systems, there is growing interest in aligning the behavior of large language models (LLMs) with human traits such as personality. Previous attempts to induce personality in LLMs have shown promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Seungjong Sun , Seo Yeon Baek , Jang Hyun Kim

Large language models (LLMs) enable conversational agents (CAs) to express distinctive personalities, raising new questions about how such designs shape user perceptions. This study investigates how personality expression levels and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hasibur Rahman , Smit Desai

Psychological assessment tools have long helped humans understand behavioural patterns. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content comparable to that of humans, we explore whether they exhibit personality traits. To this end,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pranav Bhandari , Usman Naseem , Amitava Datta , Nicolas Fay , Mehwish Nasim

Languages are shaped by the inductive biases of their users. Using a classical referential game, we investigate how artificial languages evolve when optimised for inductive biases in humans and large language models (LLMs) via Human-Human,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tom Kouwenhoven , Max Peeperkorn , Roy de Kleijn , Tessa Verhoef

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like capabilities in language comprehension and generation, becoming active participants in social and cognitive domains. This study investigates whether LLMs exhibit personality-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Wang Jiaqi , Wang bo , Guo fa , Cheng cheng , Yang li

While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents can be used to create highly engaging interactive applications through prompting personality traits and contextual data, effectively assessing their personalities has proven challenging. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Eswari Jayakumar , Niladri Sekhar Dash , Debasmita Mukherjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used by software engineers for programming tasks. However, research shows that LLMs often lack a deep understanding of program semantics. Even minor changes to syntax, such as renaming variables, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Francesca Lucchetti , Arjun Guha

Human reasoning involves different strategies, each suited to specific problems. Prior work shows that large language model (LLMs) tend to favor a single reasoning strategy, potentially limiting their effectiveness in diverse reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yanjian Zhang , Guillaume Wisniewski , Nadi Tomeh , Thierry Charnois

The memorization of training data by Large Language Models (LLMs) poses significant risks, including privacy leaks and the regurgitation of copyrighted content. Activation steering, a technique that directly intervenes in model activations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Manan Suri , Nishit Anand , Amisha Bhaskar

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advances in instruction tuning, often fail to follow complex user instructions. Activation steering techniques aim to mitigate this by manipulating model internals, but have a potential risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minjae Kang , Jaehyung Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to exhibit social, demographic, and gender biases, often as a consequence of the data on which they are trained. In this work, we adopt a mechanistic interpretability approach to analyze how such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Bhavik Chandna , Zubair Bashir , Procheta Sen

As the development and application of Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance rapidly, enhancing their trustworthiness and aligning them with human preferences has become a critical area of research. Traditional methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Yuxin Xiao , Chaoqun Wan , Yonggang Zhang , Wenxiao Wang , Binbin Lin , Xiaofei He , Xu Shen , Jieping Ye

Large language models (LLMs) show increasingly advanced emergent capabilities and are being incorporated across various societal domains. Understanding their behavior and reasoning abilities therefore holds significant importance. We argue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Thilo Hagendorff , Ishita Dasgupta , Marcel Binz , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Andrew Lampinen , Jane X. Wang , Zeynep Akata , Eric Schulz

This paper introduces an innovative task focused on editing the personality traits of Large Language Models (LLMs). This task seeks to adjust the models' responses to opinion-related questions on specified topics since an individual's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shengyu Mao , Xiaohan Wang , Mengru Wang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Ningyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for decision-making tasks under uncertainty; however, their risk profiles and how they are influenced by prompting and alignment methods remain underexplored. Existing studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yikai Wang , Xiaocheng Li , Guanting Chen

While large language models (LLMs) are transforming engineering and technology through enhanced control capabilities and decision support, they are simultaneously evolving into complex dynamical systems whose behavior must be regulated.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Komeil Nosrati , Aleksei Tepljakov , Juri Belikov , Eduard Petlenkov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in rewriting text across various styles. However, effectively leveraging this ability for example-based arbitrary style transfer, where an input text is rewritten to match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Xinchen Yang , Marine Carpuat