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Despite their unprecedented success, even the largest language models make mistakes. Similar to how humans learn and improve using feedback, previous work proposed providing language models with natural language feedback to guide them in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Afra Feyza Akyürek , Ekin Akyürek , Aman Madaan , Ashwin Kalyan , Peter Clark , Derry Wijaya , Niket Tandon

Persona can function as the prior knowledge for maintaining the consistency of dialogue systems. Most of previous studies adopted the self persona in dialogue whose response was about to be selected from a set of candidates or directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Jia-Chen Gu , Hui Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Quan Liu , Zhigang Chen , Xiaodan Zhu

Socially assistive robots are increasingly being explored to improve the engagement of older adults and people with disability in health and well-being-related exercises. However, even if people have various physical conditions, most prior…

This study explores the potential of Generative AI chatbots (GenAIbots) such as ChatGPT and Bing Chat, in Chemistry education, within a constructionist theoretical framework. A single-case study methodology was used to analyse extensive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Renato P. dos Santos

Goal-Oriented (GO) Dialogue Systems, colloquially known as goal oriented chatbots, help users achieve a predefined goal (e.g. book a movie ticket) within a closed domain. A first step is to understand the user's goal by using natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Vladimir Ilievski , Claudiu Musat , Andreea Hossmann , Michael Baeriswyl

Students learning algorithms often need support as they interpret traces, debug reasoning errors, and apply procedures across unfamiliar problem instances. In this paper, we present KITE (Knowledge-Informed Tutoring Engine), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mragisha Jain , Tirth Bhatt , Griffin Pitts , Aum Pandya , Peter Brusilovsky , Narges Norouzi , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Bita Akram

Vision-language model (VLM) based GUI agents show promise for automating complex desktop and mobile tasks, but face significant challenges in applying reinforcement learning (RL): (1) slow multi-turn interactions with GUI environments for…

Personalized dialogue generation, focusing on generating highly tailored responses by leveraging persona profiles and dialogue context, has gained significant attention in conversational AI applications. However, persona profiles, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Qiushi Huang , Shuai Fu , Xubo Liu , Wenwu Wang , Tom Ko , Yu Zhang , Lilian Tang

Job interview anxiety is a prevalent challenge among university students and can undermine both performance and confidence in high-stakes evaluative situations. Social robots have shown promise in reducing anxiety through emotional support,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Wanqi Zhang , Jiangen He , Marielle Santos

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has allowed numerous applications, including the generation of queried responses, to be leveraged in chatbots and other conversational assistants. Being trained on a plethora of data, LLMs often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Deeksha Prahlad , Chanhee Lee , Dongha Kim , Hokeun Kim

Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly embedded in daily life, yet their ability to navigate user emotions efficiently is still evolving. This study investigates how users with varying traits -- gender, personality, and cultural…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuchong Zhang , Yong Ma , Di Fu , Stephanie Zubicueta Portales , Morten Fjeld , Danica Kragic

In robot-assisted therapy for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, the workload of therapists during a therapeutic session is increased if they have to control the robot manually. To allow therapists to focus on the interaction with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Michał Stolarz , Alex Mitrevski , Mohammad Wasil , Paul G. Plöger

Conversational question answering increasingly relies on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge. Yet, most existing studies evaluate RAG methods in isolation and primarily focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Klejda Alushi , Jan Strich , Chris Biemann , Martin Semmann

With a major focus on its history, difficulties, and promise, this research paper provides a thorough analysis of the chatbot technology environment as it exists today. It provides a very flexible chatbot system that makes use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shivom Aggarwal , Shourya Mehra , Pritha Mitra

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly advanced large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in external tools and knowledge sources. However, existing RAG systems are typically constrained to static, single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jubin Abhishek Soni , Amit Anand , Rajesh Kumar Pandey , Aniket Abhishek Soni

Dialogue systems are usually built on either generation-based or retrieval-based approaches, yet they do not benefit from the advantages of different models. In this paper, we propose a Retrieval-Enhanced Adversarial Training (REAT) method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Qingfu Zhu , Lei Cui , Weinan Zhang , Furu Wei , Ting Liu

Recent studies have discussed how users are increasingly using conversational AI systems, powered by LLMs, for information seeking, decision support, and even emotional support. However, these macro-level observations offer limited insight…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sai Keerthana Karnam , Abhisek Dash , Krishna P. Gummadi , Animesh Mukherjee , Ingmar Weber , Savvas Zannettou

Conversational AI, such as ChatGPT, is increasingly used for information seeking. However, little is known about how ordinary users actually prompt and how ChatGPT adapts its responses in real-world conversational information seeking (CIS).…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Haoning Xue , Yoo Jung Oh , Xinyi Zhou , Xinyu Zhang , Berit Oxley

Prior work on training generative Visual Dialog models with reinforcement learning(Das et al.) has explored a Qbot-Abot image-guessing game and shown that this 'self-talk' approach can lead to improved performance at the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Vishvak Murahari , Prithvijit Chattopadhyay , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Abhishek Das

The objective of this work is to train a chatbot capable of solving evolving problems through conversing with a user about a problem the chatbot cannot directly observe. The system consists of a virtual problem (in this case a simple game),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Michael Free , Andrew Langworthy , Mary Dimitropoulaki , Simon Thompson