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Spatial relation reasoning is a crucial task for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to understand the objective world. However, current benchmarks have issues like relying on bounding boxes, ignoring perspective substitutions, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jingping Liu , Ziyan Liu , Zhedong Cen , Yan Zhou , Yinan Zou , Weiyan Zhang , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan

In the text-to-image generation field, recent remarkable progress in Stable Diffusion makes it possible to generate rich kinds of novel photorealistic images. However, current models still face misalignment issues (e.g., problematic spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Leigang Qu , Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-fidelity images, but they often fail in handling complex spatial relationships, e.g., spatial perception, reasoning, or interaction. These critical aspects are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zengbin Wang , Xuecai Hu , Yong Wang , Feng Xiong , Man Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Relations are basic building blocks of human cognition. Classic and recent work suggests that many relations are early developing, and quickly perceived. Machine models that aspire to human-level perception and reasoning should reflect the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Colin Conwell , Tomer Ullman

This work investigates a challenging task named open-domain interleaved image-text generation, which generates interleaved texts and images following an input query. We propose a new interleaved generation framework based on prompting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Jie An , Zhengyuan Yang , Linjie Li , Jianfeng Wang , Kevin Lin , Zicheng Liu , Lijuan Wang , Jiebo Luo

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generation models have transformed the field. However, challenges persist in generating images that reflect demanding textual descriptions, especially for fine-grained details and unusual…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ran Li , Xiaomeng Jin , Heng ji

The steady improvements of text-to-image (T2I) generative models lead to slow deprecation of automatic evaluation benchmarks that rely on static datasets, motivating researchers to seek alternative ways to evaluate the T2I progress. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahui Chen , Candace Ross , Reyhane Askari-Hemmat , Koustuv Sinha , Melissa Hall , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero-Soriano

When faced with complex spatial problems, humans naturally sketch layouts to organize their thinking, and the act of drawing further sharpens their understanding. In this work, we ask whether a similar principle holds for Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Shiyuan Huang , Li Liu , Jincheng He , Leilani H. Gilpin

The revolution of artificial intelligence content generation has been rapidly accelerated with the booming text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. Within just two years of development, it was unprecedentedly of high-quality, diversity, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Zeqiang Lai , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

Text-to-image generation (T2I) refers to the text-guided generation of high-quality images. In the past few years, T2I has attracted widespread attention and numerous works have emerged. In this survey, we comprehensively review 141 works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Pengfei Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Xinda Ma

Text-to-image (T2I) models are capable of generating visually impressive images, yet they often fail to accurately capture specific attributes in user prompts, such as the correct number of objects with the specified colors. The diversity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kevin David Hayes , Micah Goldblum , Vikash Sehwag , Gowthami Somepalli , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools, excelling in tasks that integrate visual and textual comprehension, such as image captioning, visual question answering, and image-text retrieval. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ilias Stogiannidis , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

A significant ``modality gap" exists between the abundance of text-only data and the increasing power of multimodal models. This work systematically investigates whether images generated on-the-fly by Text-to-Image (T2I) models can serve as…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yuesheng Huang , Peng Zhang , Xiaoxin Wu , Riliang Liu , Jiaqi Liang

Despite their wide-spread success, Text-to-Image models (T2I) still struggle to produce images that are both aesthetically pleasing and faithful to the user's input text. We introduce DreamSync, a model-agnostic training algorithm by design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiao Sun , Deqing Fu , Yushi Hu , Su Wang , Royi Rassin , Da-Cheng Juan , Dana Alon , Charles Herrmann , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Ranjay Krishna , Cyrus Rashtchian

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

The use of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) as an end-to-end solution for Embodied AI and Autonomous Driving has become a prevailing trend. While MLLMs have been extensively studied for visual semantic understanding tasks, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yun Li , Yiming Zhang , Tao Lin , Xiangrui Liu , Wenxiao Cai , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

3D spatial understanding is essential in real-world applications such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and medical imaging. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs), having demonstrated remarkable success across various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jirong Zha , Yuxuan Fan , Xiao Yang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

We introduce LLaVA-Reward, an efficient reward model designed to automatically evaluate text-to-image (T2I) generations across multiple perspectives, leveraging pretrained multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Existing MLLM-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Shijie Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Huaisheng Zhu , Branislav Kveton , Yufan Zhou , Jiuxiang Gu , Jian Chen , Changyou Chen

Despite the impressive advances in text-to-image models, they often struggle to effectively compose complex scenes with multiple objects, displaying various attributes and relationships. To address this challenge, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiyi Huang , Chengqi Duan , Kaiyue Sun , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang