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Automated evaluation of generative text-to-image models remains a challenging problem. Recent works have proposed using multimodal LLMs to judge the quality of images, but these works offer little insight into how multimodal LLMs make use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Rishab Parthasarathy , Jasmine Collins , Cory Stephenson

Whether large language models (LLMs) construct internal spatial world models from pure-text descriptions remains contested, and whether such capabilities transfer across languages has not been systematically studied. We introduce MentalMap,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhikai Pan , Chih-Ting Liao , Chunrui Liu , Xi Xiao , Yitong Qiao , Chunlei Meng , Zhangquan Chen , Xin Cao

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet their performance in open aerial environments remains underexplored. In this work, we present Open3D-VQA, a novel benchmark for evaluating MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Weichen Zhang , Zile Zhou , Xin Zeng , Xuchen Liu , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) work well in tasks ranging from image captioning to visual question answering (VQA), yet they struggle with spatial reasoning, a key skill for understanding our physical world that humans excel at. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ogezi , Freda Shi

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled visual content creation through text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, despite their creative potential, T2I models often replicate and amplify societal stereotypes -- particularly those…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Saharsh Barve , Andy Mao , Jiayue Melissa Shi , Prerna Juneja , Koustuv Saha

Vision language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in integrating linguistic and visual reasoning but remain fundamentally limited in understanding dynamic spatiotemporal interactions. Humans effortlessly track and reason…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Shijie Zhou , Alexander Vilesov , Xuehai He , Ziyu Wan , Shuwang Zhang , Aditya Nagachandra , Di Chang , Dongdong Chen , Xin Eric Wang , Achuta Kadambi

For human cognitive process, spatial reasoning and perception are closely entangled, yet the nature of this interplay remains underexplored in the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent MLLM advancements show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Huanyu Zhang , Qingtao Li , Zeyu Gao , Yan Xia , José Hernández-Orallo , Ivan Vulić , Furu Wei

Understanding 3D spatial relationships remains a major limitation of current Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Prior work has addressed this issue by creating spatial question-answering (QA) datasets based on single images or indoor videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mohsen Gholami , Ahmad Rezaei , Zhou Weimin , Sitong Mao , Shunbo Zhou , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

The adoption of generative AI technologies is swiftly expanding. Services employing both linguistic and mul-timodal models are evolving, offering users increasingly precise responses. Consequently, human reliance on these technologies is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jaeyoun You , Bongwon Suh

Given the remarkable success that large visual language models (LVLMs) have achieved in image perception tasks, the endeavor to make LVLMs perceive the world like humans is drawing increasing attention. Current multi-modal benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Siwei Wu , Kang Zhu , Yu Bai , Yiming Liang , Yizhi Li , Haoning Wu , J. H. Liu , Ruibo Liu , Xingwei Qu , Xuxin Cheng , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Chenghua Lin

This paper does not describe a new method; instead, it provides a thorough exploration of an important yet understudied design space related to recent advances in text-to-image synthesis -- specifically, the deep fusion of large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Bingda Tang , Boyang Zheng , Xichen Pan , Sayak Paul , Saining Xie

Image geolocalization, the task of identifying the geographic location depicted in an image, is important for applications in crisis response, digital forensics, and location-based intelligence. While recent advances in large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lingyao Li , Runlong Yu , Qikai Hu , Bowei Li , Min Deng , Yang Zhou , Xiaowei Jia

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have benefited from large-scale and high-quality data, demonstrating impressive performance. However, these T2I models still struggle to produce images that are aesthetically pleasing, geometrically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jianshu Guo , Wenhao Chai , Jie Deng , Hsiang-Wei Huang , Tian Ye , Yichen Xu , Jiawei Zhang , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Gaoang Wang

A layout to image (L2I) generation model aims to generate a complicated image containing multiple objects (things) against natural background (stuff), conditioned on a given layout. Built upon the recent advances in generative adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Sen He , Wentong Liao , Michael Ying Yang , Yongxin Yang , Yi-Zhe Song , Bodo Rosenhahn , Tao Xiang

Spatial reasoning is a crucial component of both biological and artificial intelligence. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the capability of current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) on spatial reasoning. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Md Imbesat Hassan Rizvi , Xiaodan Zhu , Iryna Gurevych

Currently, the success of large language models (LLMs) illustrates that a unified multitasking approach can significantly enhance model usability, streamline deployment, and foster synergistic benefits across different tasks. However, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Bin Xia , Yuechen Zhang , Jingyao Li , Chengyao Wang , Yitong Wang , Xinglong Wu , Bei Yu , Jiaya Jia

Recent developments in large language models (LLM) and generative AI have unleashed the astonishing capabilities of text-to-image generation systems to synthesize high-quality images that are faithful to a given reference text, known as a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yutong Xie , Zhaoying Pan , Jinge Ma , Luo Jie , Qiaozhu Mei

Generating and editing a 3D scene guided by natural language poses a challenge, primarily due to the complexity of specifying the positional relations and volumetric changes within the 3D space. Recent advancements in Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Yiqi Lin , Hao Wu , Ruichen Wang , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Hui Xiong , Lin Wang

Modern astronomical surveys deliver immense volumes of transient detections, yet distinguishing real astrophysical signals (for example, explosive events) from bogus imaging artefacts remains a challenge. Convolutional neural networks are…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-09 Fiorenzo Stoppa , Turan Bulmus , Steven Bloemen , Stephen J. Smartt , Paul J. Groot , Paul Vreeswijk , Ken W. Smith
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