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Clinician notes are a rich source of patient information but often contain inconsistencies due to varied writing styles, colloquialisms, abbreviations, medical jargon, grammatical errors, and non-standard formatting. These inconsistencies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Daniel B. Hier , Michael D. Carrithers , Thanh Son Do , Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Robust and reliable anonymization of chest radiographs constitutes an essential step before publishing large datasets of such for research purposes. The conventional anonymization process is carried out by obscuring personal information in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Kai Packhäuser , Sebastian Gündel , Florian Thamm , Felix Denzinger , Andreas Maier

Texts convey sophisticated knowledge. However, texts also convey sensitive information. Despite the success of general-purpose language models and domain-specific mechanisms with differential privacy (DP), existing text sanitization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Xiang Yue , Minxin Du , Tianhao Wang , Yaliang Li , Huan Sun , Sherman S. M. Chow

Clinical named entity recognition (NER) aims to retrieve important entities within clinical narratives. Recent works have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can achieve strong performance in this task. While previous works focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Reza Averly , Xia Ning

Biomedical named entity recognition (NER) presents unique challenges due to specialized vocabularies, the sheer volume of entities, and the continuous emergence of novel entities. Traditional NER models, constrained by fixed taxonomies and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Anthony Yazdani , Ihor Stepanov , Douglas Teodoro

We present a novel framework, called Private Disclosure of Information (PDI), which is aimed to prevent an adversary from inferring certain sensitive information about subjects using the data that they disclosed during communication with an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-29 Daniel Aranki , Ruzena Bajcsy

Background: Machine learning methods for clinical named entity recognition and entity normalization systems can utilize both labeled corpora and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) for learning. However, infrequently occurring concepts may have few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Kuleen Sasse , Shinjitha Vadlakonda , Richard E. Kennedy , John D. Osborne

Proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and Gemini have demonstrated promising capabilities in clinical text summarization tasks. However, due to patient data privacy concerns and computational costs, many healthcare…

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental component in the modern language understanding pipeline. Public NER resources such as annotated data and model services are available in many domains. However, given a particular downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Keunwoo Peter Yu , Yi Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

The growth rate in the amount of biomedical documents is staggering. Unlocking information trapped in these documents can enable researchers and practitioners to operate confidently in the information world. Biomedical NER, the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Xiang Dai

This paper studies a novel privacy-preserving anonymization problem for pedestrian images, which preserves personal identity information (PII) for authorized models and prevents PII from being recognized by third parties. Conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Junwu Zhang , Mang Ye , Yao Yang

The proliferation of textual data containing sensitive personal information across various domains requires robust anonymization techniques to protect privacy and comply with regulations, while preserving data usability for diverse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Tobias Deußer , Lorenz Sparrenberg , Armin Berger , Max Hahnbück , Christian Bauckhage , Rafet Sifa

Accurate recognition of biomedical named entities is critical for medical information extraction and knowledge discovery. However, existing methods often struggle with nested entities, entity boundary ambiguity, and cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Tengxiao Lv , Ling Luo , Juntao Li , Yanhua Wang , Yuchen Pan , Chao Liu , Yanan Wang , Yan Jiang , Huiyi Lv , Yuanyuan Sun , Jian Wang , Hongfei Lin

Social platforms such as Reddit have a network of communities of shared interests, with a prevalence of posts and comments from which one can infer users' Personal Information Identifiers (PIIs). While such self-disclosures can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shalini Jangra , Suparna De , Nishanth Sastry , Saeed Fadaei

Dementia is a sensitive neurocognitive disorder affecting tens of millions of people worldwide and its cases are expected to triple by 2050. Alarmingly, recent advancements in dementia classification make it possible for adversaries to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dominika Woszczyk , Soteris Demetriou

The use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in highstakes AI-based applications has increased significantly in recent years, especially since the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, despite their strong performance, LLMs…

This research examines the use of Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) techniques to improve healthcare dialogue models, with the aim of tackling the challenges of preference-aligned data annotation while reducing the reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chengfeng Dou , Ying Zhang , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Haiyan Zhao , Yongqiang Zhao , Zhengwei Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as clinical decision support and medical documentation. However, the robustness of these models against subtle linguistic variations, specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jen-tse Huang , Didi Zhou , Faith Kamau , Amy Oh , Anne R. Links , Mark Dredze , Mary Catherine Beach , Somnath Saha

For years, semantic interoperability standards have sought to streamline the exchange of clinical data, yet their deployment remains time-consuming, resource-intensive, and technically challenging. To address this, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alvaro Riquelme , Pedro Costa , Catalina Martinez