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De-identification of clinical records is an extremely important process which enables the use of the wealth of information present in them. There are a lot of techniques available for this but none of the method implementation has evaluated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Rashmi Jain , Dinah Samuel Anand , Vijayalakshmi Janakiraman

With the rapid surge in the prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs), individuals are increasingly turning to conversational AI for initial insights across various domains, including health-related inquiries such as disease diagnosis.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Aditya Malik , Nalini Ratha , Bharat Yalavarthi , Tilak Sharma , Arjun Kaushik , Charanjit Jutla

Psychiatric narratives encode patient identity not only through explicit identifiers but also through idiosyncratic life events embedded in their clinical structure. Existing de-identification approaches, including PHI masking and LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Kyung Ho Lim , Byung-Hoon Kim

The recent swift development of LLMs like GPT-4, Gemini, and GPT-3.5 offers a transformative opportunity in medicine and healthcare, especially in digital diagnostics. This study evaluates each model diagnostic abilities by interpreting a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gaurav Kumar Gupta , Aditi Singh , Sijo Valayakkad Manikandan , Abul Ehtesham

Objective: The exchange of health-related data is subject to regional laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Tom Bisson , Michael Franz , Isil Dogan O , Daniel Romberg , Christoph Jansen , Peter Hufnagl , Norman Zerbe

State of the art models using deep neural networks have become very good in learning an accurate mapping from inputs to outputs. However, they still lack generalization capabilities in conditions that differ from the ones encountered during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Alexey Romanov , Chaitanya Shivade

Person re-identification is a critical privacy attack in publicly shared healthcare data as per Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of a new type of privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Mohammad Arif Ul Alam

Personally identifiable information (PII) anonymization is a high-stakes task that poses a barrier to many open-science data sharing initiatives. While PII identification has made large strides in recent years, in practice, error thresholds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Matthew Zent , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead

Case-based explanations are an intuitive method to gain insight into the decision-making process of deep learning models in clinical contexts. However, medical images cannot be shared as explanations due to privacy concerns. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Helena Montenegro , Jaime S. Cardoso

This paper presents a client/server privacy-preserving network in the context of multicentric medical image analysis. Our approach is based on adversarial learning which encodes images to obfuscate the patient identity while preserving…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-17 Bach Ngoc Kim , Jose Dolz , Pierre-Marc Jodoin , Christian Desrosiers

Despite being a unique source of information on patients' status and disease progression, clinical notes are characterized by high levels of duplication and information redundancy. In general domain text, it has been shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Isotta Landi , Eugenia Alleva , Alissa A. Valentine , Lauren A. Lepow , Alexander W. Charney

Social and behavioral determinants of health (SDOH) play a significant role in shaping health outcomes, and extracting these determinants from clinical notes is a first step to help healthcare providers systematically identify opportunities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Adam D. Lelkes , Eric Loreaux , Tal Schuster , Ming-Jun Chen , Alvin Rajkomar

Unstructured text from legal, medical, and administrative sources offers a rich but underutilized resource for research in public health and the social sciences. However, large-scale analysis is hampered by two key challenges: the presence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Anders Ledberg , Anna Thalén

The digitization of the medical data has been a sensitive topic. In modern times laws such as the HIPAA provide some guidelines for electronic transactions in medical data to prevent attacks and fraudulent usage of private information. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-22 Rajesh Sharma , Deepak Subramanian , Satish N. Srirama

AI chatbots have quietly become the world's most popular therapists, coaches, and confidants. Users of cloud-based LLM services are increasingly shifting from simple queries like idea generation and poem writing, to deeply personal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Max Holschneider , Saetbyeol LeeYouk

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled large language models (LLMs) to ground outputs in clinical evidence. However, connecting LLMs with external databases introduces the risk of contextual leakage: a subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shaowei Guan , Yu Zhai , Hin Chi Kwok , Jiawei Du , Xinyu Feng , Jing Li , Harry Qin , Vivian Hui

For sensitive text data to be shared among NLP researchers and practitioners, shared documents need to comply with data protection and privacy laws. There is hence a growing interest in automated approaches for text anonymization. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Maximilian Mozes , Bennett Kleinberg

Named entity recognition (NER) of chemicals and drugs is a critical domain of information extraction in biochemical research. NER provides support for text mining in biochemical reactions, including entity relation extraction, attribute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jian Liu , Lei Gao , Sujie Guo , Rui Ding , Xin Huang , Long Ye , Qinghua Meng , Asef Nazari , Dhananjay Thiruvady

Clinical notes are often stored in unstructured or semi-structured formats after extraction from electronic medical record (EMR) systems, which complicates their use for secondary analysis and downstream clinical applications. Reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Risha Surana , Adrian Law , Sunwoo Kim , Rishab Sridhar , Angxiao Han , Peiyu Hong

Clinical notes contain valuable unstructured information. Named entity recognition (NER) enables the automatic extraction of medical concepts; however, benchmarks for Portuguese remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to evaluate BERT-based…