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The outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of integrated circuits (ICs) in the current horizontal semiconductor integration flow has posed various security threats due to the presence of untrusted entities, such as overproduction of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yuqiao Zhang , Ayush Jain , Pinchen Cui , Ziqi Zhou , Ujjwal Guin

The outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of integrated circuits has raised severe concerns about the piracy of Intellectual Properties and illegal overproduction. Logic locking has emerged as an obfuscation technique to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yadi Zhong , Ayush Jain , M. Tanjidur Rahman , Navid Asadizanjani , Jiafeng Xie , Ujjwal Guin

Various logic-locking schemes have been proposed to protect hardware from intellectual property piracy and malicious design modifications. Since traditional locking techniques are applied on the gate-level netlist after logic synthesis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Dominik Sisejkovic , Luca Collini , Benjamin Tan , Christian Pilato , Ramesh Karri , Rainer Leupers

Logic locking as a solution for semiconductor intellectual property (IP) confidentiality has received considerable attention in academia, but has yet to produce a viable solution to protect against known threats. In part due to a lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jonathan Cruz , Jason Hamlet

Over the years, many techniques have been introduced to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from hardware security threats that emerged in the globalized IC manufacturing supply chain, such as overproduction and piracy. However, most of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Sohaib Munir , Sedat Akleylek

The outsourced manufacturing of integrated circuits has increased the risk of intellectual property theft. In response, logic locking techniques have been developed for protecting designs by adding programmable elements to the circuit.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Joseph Sweeney , Deepali Garg , Lawrence Pileggi

Chip designers outsource chip fabrication to external foundries, but at the risk of IP theft. Logic locking, a promising solution to mitigate this threat, adds extra logic gates (key gates) and inputs (key bits) to the chip so that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Mohamed El Massad , Jun Zhang , Siddharth Garg , Mahesh V. Tripunitara

The increasing cost of integrated circuit (IC) fabrication has driven most companies to "go fabless" over time. The corresponding outsourcing trend gave rise to various attack vectors, e.g., illegal overproduction of ICs, piracy of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Johann Knechtel , Satwik Patnaik , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Semiconductor design companies are integrating proprietary intellectual property (IP) blocks to build custom integrated circuits (IC) and fabricate them in a third-party foundry. Unauthorized IC copies cost these companies billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Christian Pilato , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Code Language Models (CLMs) have achieved tremendous progress in source code understanding and generation, leading to a significant increase in research interests focused on applying CLMs to real-world software engineering tasks in recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yulong Yang , Haoran Fan , Chenhao Lin , Qian Li , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen , Xiaohong Guan

Many design companies have gone fabless and rely on external fabrication facilities to produce chips due to increasing cost of semiconductor manufacturing. However, not all of these facilities can be considered trustworthy; some may inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kevin Kwiat , Jason Kulick , Paul Ratazzi

Logic locking aims to protect the intellectual property (IP) of integrated circuit (IC) designs throughout the globalized supply chain. The SAIL attack, based on tailored machine learning (ML) models, circumvents combinational logic locking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Johann Knechtel , Hani Saleh , Baker Mohammad , Mahmoud Al-Qutayri , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Logic locking remains one of the most promising defenses against hardware piracy, yet current approaches often face challenges in scalability and design overhead. In this paper, we present TLGLock, a new design paradigm that leverages the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Abdullah Sahruri , Martin Margala

The outsourcing of semiconductor manufacturing raises security risks, such as piracy and overproduction of hardware intellectual property. To overcome this challenge, logic locking has emerged to lock a given circuit using additional key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Kevin Lopez , Amin Rezaei

Logic locking has become a promising approach to provide hardware security in the face of a possibly insecure fabrication supply chain. While many techniques have focused on locking combinational logic (CL), an alternative latch-locking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dake Chen , Xuan Zhou , Yinghua Hu , Yuke Zhang , Kaixin Yang , Andrew Rittenbach , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Peter A. Beerel

We introduce LLA, an effective intellectual property (IP) protection scheme for generative AI models. LLA leverages the synergy between hardware and software to defend against various supply chain threats, including model theft, model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 You Li , Guannan Zhao , Yuhao Ju , Yunqi He , Jie Gu , Hai Zhou

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

Existing logic-locking attacks are known to successfully decrypt functionally correct key of a locked combinational circuit. It is possible to extend these attacks to real-world Silicon-based Intellectual Properties (IPs, which are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Seetal Potluri , Aydin Aysu , Akash Kumar

A globally distributed IC supply chain brings risks due to untrusted third parties. The risks span inadvertent use of hardware Trojan (HT), inserted Intellectual Property (3P-IP) or Electronic Design Automation (EDA) flows. HT can introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jitendra Bhandari , Rajat Sadhukhan , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami , Ramesh Karri

Logic Obfuscation is a well renowned design-for-trust solution to protect an Integrated Circuit (IC) from unauthorized use and illegal overproduction by including key-gates to lock the design. This is particularly necessary for ICs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Haimanti Chakraborty , Ranga Vemuri